Table 2.
Multiple linear regression models (estimates and 95% confidence interval) examining relationships between executive functioning and sustained attention and language and social abilities while controlling for age, sex, and IQ.
| BRIEF domains | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Inhibition | Shifting | Emotional control | Working memory | Planning/organizing | Percent looking at video via eye-tracking | |
|
|
||||||
| (Intercept) | 59.83*** [41.01, 78.65] | 48.53*** [28.01, 69.05] | 40.06*** [16.96, 63.15] | 78.88*** [57.21, 100.55] | 71.76*** [48.01, 95.50] | 64.06*** [34.84, 93.29] |
| EOWPVT-4 Raw Score | 0.10 [−0.02, 0.21] | 0.07 [−0.06, 0.20] | 0.03 [−0.1 1, 0.18] | 0.08 [−0.05, 0.22] | 0.08 [−0.07, 0.23] | 0.22* [0.05, 0.40] |
| VABS-3 Communication | −0.10 [−0.26, 0.05] | 0.01 [−0.16, 0.17] | 0.04 [−0.14, 0.23] | −0.20* [−0.37, −0.02] | −0.11 [−0.30, 0.08] | −0.01 [−0.25, 0.23] |
| VABS-3 Socialization | 0.16* [0.01, 0.31] | −0.03 [−0.20, 0.14] | 0.01 [−0.18, 0.19] | 0.26** [0.09, 0.44] | 0.26** [0.07, 0.46] | 0.06 [−0.17, 0.29] |
| PDDBI Social Pragmatic Problems | 0.52*** [0.39, 0.65] | 0.40*** [0.26, 0.55] | 0.47*** [0.3 1, 0.64] | 0.41*** [0.26, 0.56] | 0.48*** [0.3 1, 0.65] | −0.05 [−0.25, 0.16] |
| PDDBI Receptive Expressive Social Communication Abilities | −0.17 [−0.45, 0.1 1] | −0.06 [−0.37, 0.24] | −0.01 [−0.35, 0.34] | −0.37* [−0.69, −0.04] | −0.75*** [−1.10, −0.39] | 0.32 [−0.14, 0.78] |
| Age | −0.26*** [−0.39, −0.13] | 0.00 [−0.14, 0.14] | −0.10 [−0.26, 0.06] | −0.17* [−0.32, −0.02] | −0.13 [−0.30, 0.03] | −0.04 [−0.24, 0.16] |
| Sex | 2.15 [−1.54, 5.85] | 3.30 [−0.73, 7.34] | 4.59* [0.05, 9.13] | −0.58 [−4.84, 3.68] | −0.09 [−4.75, 4.58] | −4.68 [−10.35, 0.98] |
| Non-verbal IQ | −0.05 [−0.16, 0.06] | −0.10 [−0.22, 0.02] | −0.08 [−0.21, 0.06] | −0.04 [−0.17, 0.09] | 0.09 [−0.05, 0.22] | −0.05 [−0.22, 0.12] |
| N | 176 | 176 | 176 | 176 | 175 | 160 |
| R 2 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.23 |
BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; EOWPVT-4: Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition; PDDBI: Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory; VABS-3: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition.
***
Regression coefficient is significant at the 0.001 level (2-tailed).
**
Regression coefficient is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*
Regression coefficient is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).