Table 5.
Subgroup analysis for PML technique
| Resection | Artificial chords | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | 122 | 88 | |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 12 | 65 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender | 100 (82,0) | 62 (70,5) | 0.072 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.3 | 26.3 ± 5.5 | 0.268 |
|
NYHA class I II III IV |
30 (24.8) 38 (31.4) 53 (43.8) 0 (0.0) |
10 (11.6) 38 (44.2) 38 (44.2) 0 (0.0) |
0.058 |
| EuroSCORE II | 0.98 [0.68–1.39] | 1,11 [0.75–1.76] | 0.165 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.171 |
| Hypertension | 61 (50.4) | 54 (62.8) | 0.077 |
| Diabetes | 8 (6.6) | 10 (11.6) | 0.312 |
| Dyslipidemia | 25 (20.7) | 20 (23.3) | 0.656 |
| COPD | 10 (10.0) | 6 (7.0) | 0.638 |
| Previous stroke | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
| PVD | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | 0.224 |
| AF | 21 (17.4) | 18 (20.7) | 0.543 |
| Pacemaker-ICD | 2 (1.7) | 4 (4.7) | > 0.99 |
| CKD | 7 (5.8) | 10 (11.6) | 0.211 |
| Preoperative echocardiographic features | |||
| LVEF (%) | 58.3 ± 4.6 | 58.4 ± 3.6 | 0.900 |
| PAP (mmHg) | 33.2 ± 8.5 | 34.0 ± 9.4 | 0.551 |
| Intraoperative data | |||
|
Times (min) CPB Cross-clamp |
126 ± 28 94 ± 21 |
122 ± 38 90 ± 27 |
0.397 0.211 |
| Surgical technique | |||
| Ring size (mm) | 34.1 ± 1.7 | 33.9 ± 1.7 | 0.366 |
| Edge-to-edge repair | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.266 |
| Cleft closure | 6 (4.9) | 11 (12.5) | 0.083 |
|
Other procedures TV repair LAA closure PFO closure Monopolar AF ablation |
5 (4.1) 0 (0.0) 4 (3.3) 6 (5.0) |
9 (10.3) 3 (3.4) 1 (1.1) 8 (9.2) |
0.138 0.072 0.403 0.268 |
| Conversion to full-sternotomy | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
| Early postoperative period | |||
|
Mortality Intraoperative 30-days |
0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) |
0 (0,0) 0 (0.0) |
> 0.99 |
| Mechanical ventilation time (hours) | 5 [4–7] | 6 [5–9] | 0.085 |
| ICU stay (days) | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | 0.112 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 6 [5–6] | 6 [6–7] | 0.127 |
|
Transfusions Whole blood Plasma Platelets |
18 (15.0) 2 (1.7) 2 (1.7) |
23 (27.1) 2 (2.4) 0 (0.0) |
0.034 > 0.99 0.512 |
| Vasopressors (> 12 h) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (3.5) | 0.668 |
| Bleeding requiring surgical revision | 4 (3.3) | 2 (2.3) | > 0.99 |
| IABP/ECMO | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.416 |
| Dialysis | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.0) | 0.005 |
| AMI | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.416 |
| Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
| POAF | 11 (9.1) | 19 (22.1) | 0.009 |
| Echocardiographic features at hospital discharge | |||
| Residual MR ( |
0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.415 |
| MV mean gradient (mmHg) | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.190 |
| LVEF (%) | 58.2 ± 3.9 | 57,6 ± 4.9 | 0.384 |
| Follow-up | |||
|
Follow-up (months) Follow-up completion |
35 [18–51] 114 (93,4) |
12 [8–24] 82 (95,4) |
< 0.001 |
| Follow-up mortality | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.3) | > 0.99 |
| MV replacement | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.1) | > 0.99 |
| Echocardiographic features at follow-up | |||
|
Residual MR 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ |
18 (15.5) 91 (78.4) 4 (3.4) 3 (2.6) 0 (0.0) |
15 (18.8) 62 (77.5) 2 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.3) |
0.479 |
| LVEF (%) | 58.3 ± 3.8 | 57.8 ± 3.6 | 0.240 |
| AMI | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
| Stroke | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
| Thrombotic events | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
| Hemorrhagic events | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
| De novo AF | 2 (1,7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.122 |