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. 2023 Aug 18;23:497. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04220-6

Table 3.

Mean Scores of outcome variables from baseline to 4-week post-intervention follow-up

Baseline(T0) Mid-intervention(T1) Post-intervention(T2) 4-week follow-up(T3) β0 β1 β2 β3
M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M  ± SD T1 VS. T0 T2 VS. T0 T3 VS. T0
Intervention Group
 Geriatric Depression 5.24 ± 3.41 4.32 ± 3.95 3.05 ± 3.46 3.61 ± 3.77 5.24*** -0.92* -2.13*** -1.65***
 State-anxiety 37.34 ± 12.02 33.34 ± 12.74 28.30 ± 15.53 29.00 ± 9.99 37.34*** -4.00* -9.09*** -8.57***
 Trait-anxiety 39.63 ± 12.69 35.50 ± 13.45 29.92 ± 10.42 28.58 ± 10.09 39.63*** -4.13** -9.74*** -11.33***
 Spiritual Well-being 82.29 ± 22.60 86.47 ± 22.75 92.22 ± 23.49 92.60 ± 23.76 82.29*** 4.18 10.50*** 9.63***
 Religious well-being 44.76 ± 16.69 47.24 ± 16.70 47.95 ± 17.93 48.28 ± 17.19 44.76*** 2.47 3.53* 2.91
 Existential well-being 37.53 ± 12.39 39.24 ± 13.33 44.27 ± 11.50 43.83 ± 11.82 37.53*** 1.71 6.54*** 6.47***
Control Group
 Geriatric Depression 5.23 ± 3.98 4.76 ± 4.23 4.30 ± 4.50 4.07 ± 3.85 5.23*** -0.47 -0.97 -1.32*
 State-anxiety 37.59 ± 14.06 34.33 ± 12.70 34.36 ± 12.33 32.82 ± 10.88 37.59*** -3.20 -3.30* -5.15**
 Trait-anxiety 35.87 ± 11.79 33.74 ± 11.22 32.70 ± 10.28 30.43 ± 9.20 35.87*** -2.12 -3.55* -5.89***
 Spiritual Well-being 75.38 ± 27.55 74.66 ± 27.32 65.42 ± 30.69 68.89 ± 30.45 75.38*** -1.03 -9.16** -2.89
 Religious well-being 36.49 ± 19.05 35.37 ± 18.23 27.12 ± 21.42 30.31 ± 22.23 36.48*** -1.48 -8.90*** -4.27
 Existential well-being 38.90 ±  4.67 39.29 ± 13.63 38.30 ± 14.14 39.64 ± 13.47 38.89*** 0.45 -0.18 1.68

M Mean, SD Standard deviation; Regression coefficient β0 is the baseline means for both group; regression coefficients β1, β2 and β3 indicates the time effect observed for mid-intervention (β1), post-intervention (β2) and 4-week follow-up (β3)

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001