Table 3.

Comparison of Magnification and Focus Between Systems per Step

Endpoints	Visualization		p-value
	CM	3-D
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Step 1
Zoom out	0.08 (0.27)	0.04 (0.2)	0.402
Zoom in	0.38 (0.73)	0.08 (0.27)	0.008*
Focus out	0.24 (0.69)	0.06 (0.24)	0.178
Focus in	0.58 (1.01)	0.34 (0.75)	0.104
Step 2
Zoom out	0.24 (0.52)	0.1 (0.3)	0.148
Zoom in	0.36 (0.66)	0.06 (0.24)	0.003*
Focus out	0.46 (0.84)	0.42 (1.13)	0.607
Focus in	1.2 (1.88)	1 (1.81)	0.236
Step 3
Zoom out	0.66 (0.72)	0.52 (0.71)	0.258
Zoom in	0.54 (0.71)	0.22 (0.51)	0.006*
Focus out	0.2 (0.53)	0.46 (0.97)	0.447
Focus in	0.56 (1.03)	0.82 (1.45)	0.127
Step 4
Zoom out	0.8 (0.86)	0.86 (1.07)	0.920
Zoom in	0.56 (0.84)	0.24 (0.48)	0.035*
Focus out	0.16 (0.47)	0.58 (1.01)	0.008*
Focus in	0.32 (0.74)	0.52 (0.89)	0.173
Total
Zoom out	1.78 (1.56)	1.52 (1.71)	0.282
Zoom in	1.84 (1.72)	0.6 (1.01)	<0.001*
Focus out	1.06 (1.58)	1.52 (2.4)	0.918
Focus in	2.66 (3.68)	2.68 (3.43)	0.885
Light intensity	99.45 (1.96)	98.43 (7.45)	0.695

Note: *Significant differences, based on Mann Whitney test.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.