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. 2023 Aug 19;13:13505. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40319-x

Table 4.

Effects on lower limbs muscle thickness.

Muscle thickness (mm) Bodyweight group Barbell-back group Between
Pre Post p Pre Post p p
Gastrocnemius 14.20 ± 1.49 16.20 ± 2.14 0.04 16.13 ± 2.93 18.73 ± 2.40 0.02 0.82
Rectus femoris 14.73 ± 2.14 17.00 ± 1.52 0.05 17.36 ± 3.14 19.46 ± 3.27 0.12 0.54
Gluteus maximus 28.15 ± 3.72 33.50 ± 2.34 0.00 29.31 ± 4.67 33.44 ± 4.50 0.00 0.91

Note: Pre- and Post-*Paired Sample T-test, p ≤ 0.05; Between Group-*independent-sample t-test, p ≤ 0.05. Descriptive statistics for all study participants (mean ± SD).

Note: 1 was pre, 2 was post.