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. 2023 Aug 16;17:2383–2399. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S417598

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Paroxetine promotes extracellular matrix synthesis and inhibits catabolism. (A) Chemical structure of paroxetine. (B) Cytotoxic effects of paroxetine in ATDC5 cells after treatment for 24 and 48 h. (C) Toluidine blue staining of high-density-cultured ATDC5 cells after treatment with different concentrations of paroxetine and IL-1β. (D) Toluidine blue (+) area (%/area of interest) analysis as quantified by ImageJ. (E–J) Western blotting results of extracellular matrix anabolic- and catabolic-related proteins (SOX9, Aggrecan, MMP3, ADAMTS5) in ATDC5 cells as quantified by ImageJ. (K) The expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix synthesis and catabolism were quantified by RT-PCR. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3/group). Significant differences between groups are indicated as ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01.