Table 5.
Evaluation of the Total Number and Specific Number of Steps of the Inhalation Systems Studied in This Research
| Inhalation Systems | Steps | Technique Evaluation | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metered-dose inhaler with spacer | 1) Uncover the cartridge | Correct | 39 (100.0%) |
| 2) Shake | Correct | 37 (94.87%) | |
| Incorrect | 2 (5.13%) | ||
| 3) Hold it vertically (L-shaped) | Correct | 39 (100.0%) | |
| 4) Make a maximum expiration | Correct | 22 (56.41%) | |
| Incorrect | 17 (43.59%) | ||
| 5) Place the cartridge nozzle in the mouth and close completely | Correct | 39 (100.0%) | |
| 6) Inhale slowly through the mouth (tongue on the roof of the mouth) | Correct | 39 (100.0%) | |
| 7) In inspiration, press the cartridge once and inspire up to the total lung capacity | Correct | 39 (100.0%) | |
| 8) Apnea (Holding your breath for 10 seconds) | Correct | 22 (56.41%) | |
| Incorrect | 17 (43.59%) | ||
| 9) Wait half a minute between each shot | Correct | 32 (82.05%) | |
| Incorrect | 7 (17.95%) | ||
| Total correct steps | 308 (87.8%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 43 (12.2%) | ||
| Metered-dose inhaler without spacer | 1) Uncover the cartridge | Correct | 34 (100.0%) |
| 2) Shake | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 3) Hold it vertically (L-shaped) | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 4) Make a maximum expiration | Correct | 23 (67.64%) | |
| Incorrect | 11 (32.36%) | ||
| 5) Place the cartridge nozzle in the mouth and close completely | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 6) Inhale slowly through the mouth (tongue on the roof of the mouth) | Correct | 28 (82.35%) | |
| Incorrect | 6 (17.65%) | ||
| 7) In inspiration, press the cartridge once and inspire up to the total lung capacity | Correct | 28 (82.35%) | |
| Incorrect | 6 (17.65%) | ||
| 8) Apnea (Holding your breath for 10 seconds) | Correct | 21 (61.76%) | |
| Incorrect | 13 (38.24%) | ||
| 9) Wait half a minute between each shot | Correct | 28 (82.35%) | |
| Incorrect | 6 (17.65%) | ||
| Total correct steps | 264 (86.3%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 42 (13.7%) | ||
| Multi-dose dry powder inhaler Turbuhaler type | 1) Uncover the device | Correct | 18 (100.0%) |
| 2) Turn the lower wheel to one side as far as it will go and then to the other side until it clicks | Correct | 18 (100.0%) | |
| 3) Expel air through the mouth keeping the inhaler away from the mouth | Correct | 18 (100.0%) | |
| 4) Place the mouthpiece between the teeth and close the lips | Correct | 18 (100.0%) | |
| 5) Inspire energetically and deeply | Correct | 14 (77.78%) | |
| Incorrect | 4 (22.22%) | ||
| 6) Apnea – (Hold your breath for 5 seconds) | Correct | 14 (77.78%) | |
| Incorrect | 4 (22.22%) | ||
| 7) Close the nozzle compartment | Correct | 18 (100.0%) | |
| 8) Cover the device | Correct | 18 (100.0%) | |
| Total correct steps | 136 (94.4%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 8 (5.6%) | ||
| Multi-dose dry powder inhaler Accuhaler type | 1) Uncover the device | Correct | 17 (100.0%) |
| 2) Move the reed until you hear the “click” | Correct | 17 (100.0%) | |
| 3) Expel air through the mouth keeping the inhaler away from the mouth | Correct | 6 (35.3%) | |
| Incorrect | 11 (64.7%) | ||
| 4) Place the mouthpiece between the teeth and close the lips | Correct | 17 (100.0%) | |
| 5) Inspire energetically and deeply | Correct | 17 (100.0%) | |
| 6) Apnea – (Hold your breath for 5 seconds) | Correct | 6 (35.3%) | |
| Incorrect | 11 (64.7%) | ||
| 7) Close the nozzle compartment | Correct | 17 (100.0%) | |
| 8) Cover the device | Correct | 17 (100.0%) | |
| Total correct steps | 114 (83.8%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 22 (16.2%) | ||
| Single-dose dry powder inhaler | 1) Uncap the device (Slide the inhaler cap) | Correct | 30 (100.0%) |
| 2) Insert the capsule, close the compartment, and puncture the capsule | Correct | 30 (100.0%) | |
| 3) Expel air through the mouth keeping the inhaler away from the mouth | Correct | 17 (56.67%) | |
| Incorrect | 13 (43.33%) | ||
| 4) Place the mouthpiece between the teeth and close the lips | Correct | 30 (100.0%) | |
| 5) Inspire energetically and deeply | Correct | 30 (100.0%) | |
| 6) Apnea – (Hold your breath for 10 seconds) | Correct | 17 (56.67%) | |
| Incorrect | 13 (43.33%) | ||
| 7) Discard the capsule completely empty | Correct | 30 (100.0%) | |
| 8) Cover the device | Correct | 30 (100.0%) | |
| Total correct steps | 214 (89.2%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 26 (10.8%) | ||
| Soft mist inhaler | 1) Hold the inhaler upright and covered | Correct | 34 (100.0%) |
| 2) Rotate the base 180 degrees towards the arrows until you hear a “click” | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 3) Open the lid | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 4) Gently exhale | Correct | 27 (79.42%) | |
| Incorrect | 7 (20.58%) | ||
| 5) Closing lips around the mouthpiece without covering the air valves | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 6) Press the button while inhaling deeply | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| 7) Apnea – (Hold your breath for 5 seconds or until possible) | Correct | 30 (88.24) | |
| Incorrect | 4 (11.76%) | ||
| 8) Close the lid | Correct | 34 (100.0%) | |
| Total correct steps | 261 (95.6%) | ||
| Total incorrect steps | 11 (4.4%) |