Table 6.

Risk Factors for Participants’ Incorrect Inhalation Techniques

		Inhaler Technique		OR (IC95%)	P value
		Correct (n)	Incorrect (n)
Sex	Male (ref)	49	34
	Female	57	32	0.809 (0.437–1.497)	0.499
Age (years)	Less than 50 (ref)	7	8
	50 to 60	11	4	0.318 (0.068–1.468)	0.142
	61 to 70	18	10	0.486 (0.135–1.740)	0.267
	71 to 80	27	20	0.648 (0.201–2.083)	0.466
	More than 80	56	28	0.437 (0.144–1.329)	0.144
Educational level	Basic (ref)	57	31
	Secondary	28	19	1.247 (0.602–2.585)	0.551
	University	8	11	2.528 (0.920–6.943)	0.072
	Postgraduate	13	5	0.707 (0.230–2.168)	0.544
Socio-economic situation	Low-low (ref)	5	2
	Low	26	8	0.769 (0.124–4.753)	0.777
	Medium-low	47	31	1.648 (0.300–9.038)	0.564
	Middle	17	10	1.470 (0.239–9.043)	0.677
	Medium-high	7	7	2.500 (0.357–17.500)	0.356
	High	4	8	5.000 (0.655–38.153)	0.12
Access to health	Taxpayer (ref)	90	67
	Subsidized	16	13	1.091 (0.491–2.422)	0.829
Occupation	Employee (ref)	6	2
	Self-Employed	27	16	1.777 (0.319–9.884)	0.511
	Retiree	65	33	1.523 (0.291–7.964)	0.618
	Unemployed	8	15	5.625 (0.915–34.573)	0.062
mMRC grade	0 (ref)	20	13
	1	5	4	1.230 (0.277–5.454)	0.784
	2	32	13	0.625 (0.241–1.616)	0.332
	3	35	16	0.703 (0.281–1.756)	0.451
	4	14	20	2.197 (0.827–5.837)	0.114
Exacerbations per year	0 (ref)	33	19
	1	57	36	1.097 (0.543–2.213)	0.796
	2	15	8	0.926 (0.331–2.587)	0.883
	More than 2	1	3	5.210 (0.505–53.689)	0.165
COPD spirometric pattern	Obstructive (ref)	73	52
	Restrictive	26	12	0.647 (0.299–1.400)	0.269
	Unknown	7	2	0.401 (0.080–2.009)	0.266
GOLD rating	Slight (ref)	55	29
	Moderate	31	29	1.774 (0.901–3.492)	0.097
	Very strong	15	8	1.011 (0.383–2.665)	0.981

Abbreviations: ref, reference; OR, odds ratio; IC95%, 95% confidence intervals.