Table 1.
In vitro studies on anti microbial activity of Hygrophila schulli plant extracts
| Property | Extraction | Tested organisms | Activities/ Remarks | Reference/s | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the plant | Solvent(s) | ||||
| Antibacterial Activity | Leaves | Ethanol | Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter divergens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Serratia marcescens | Growth inhibited in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. No apparent inhibitory activity against E. faecalis, C. divergens, and S. marcescens |
(21) |
| Methanol | Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella gallinarum, and Staphylococcus aureus | Growth inhibited in Bacillus subtilis, M. smegmatis, and S. aureus. No activity against P. aeruginosa and S. Gallinarum |
(22) | ||
| Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia pseudomallei | Growth inhibited in E. aerogenes, P. aerogenes, S. aureus, and B. pseudomallei No activity against E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. Mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. |
(23) | |||
| Chloroform, petroleum ether, alcohol and water |
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis | Chloroform and alcoholic, aqueous, and petroleum ether extracts exhibited significant-, moderate- and least-growth inhibitory activities, respectively. | (24) | ||
| Water | Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, and Shigella flexneri | Growth inhibited at 200 µg/ml of the extract | (25) | ||
| Stem | Ethanol | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Exhibited significant growth inhibition against S. aureus, and less activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. | (26) | |
| Whole plant | Diethyl ether | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus fecalis, and Salmonella typhi | Exhibited significant growth inhibition | (27) | |
| Ethanol | Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimirium, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus | Exhibited growth inhibition | (8) | ||
| Water | Escherichia coli | Significant antibacterial activity against E. coli strains by steam extract. The MIC against both E. coli ATCC 25922 and the clinical isolates: 0.6 g/ml. | (28) | ||
| Antifungal | Leaves | Ethanol | Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Exhibited significant growth inhibition against M. canis and T. mentagrophytes Minimum activity against C. Albicans |
(26) |
| Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatous, Rhododendron inducum, and Fusarium spp. | Exhibited significant growth inhibition against A. niger No activity against A. flavus, A. fumigatous, R. indicum, and Fusarium spp. |
(21) | |||
| Whole plant | Diethyl ether | Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger | Significant growth inhibition against C. Albicans and A. niger | (27) | |