Table 2. Inferential statistics of PIES questionnaire comparing diabetics to non-diabetics (n=310).

PIES: Psychosocial inventory of ego strengths

§ P-value has been calculated using Mann-Whitney Z-test.

** Significant at p<0.05 level.

 

PIES Parameters	Overall mean ± SD	Type 1 Diabetes		Z-test	P-value
		Yes	No
Hope	7.35 ± 2.35	6.81 ± 2.42	7.57 ± 2.29	2.599	0.009 **
Withdrawal	5.97 ± 2.59	5.79 ± 3.09	6.04 ± 2.37	0.782	0.434
Hope vs Withdrawal	13.3 ± 4.35	12.6 ± 4.95	13.6 ± 4.05	1.743	0.081
Will	6.14 ± 2.27	6.28 ± 2.23	6.08 ± 2.28	0.964	0.335
Compulsion	6.34 ± 2.59	6.37 ± 2.18	6.32 ± 2.74	0.150	0.881
Will vs Compulsion	12.5 ± 4.40	12.6 ± 3.75	12.4 ± 4.65	0.481	0.630
Purpose	6.72 ± 2.04	6.60 ± 1.98	6.77 ± 2.07	0.802	0.423
Inhibition	6.36 ± 2.99	6.10 ± 2.81	6.47 ± 3.06	0.957	0.338
Purpose vs Inhibition	13.1 ± 4.64	12.7 ± 3.97	13.2 ± 4.89	1.233	0.217
Competence	7.18 ± 1.89	6.91 ± 2.08	7.29 ± 1.79	1.578	0.115
Inertia	5.81 ± 2.58	6.18 ± 2.18	5.66 ± 2.71	1.408	0.159
Competence vs Inertia	12.9 ± 3.82	13.1 ± 3.42	12.9 ± 3.98	0.133	0.894
Fidelity	7.66 ± 1.59	7.46 ± 1.77	7.75 ± 1.52	1.084	0.742
Role repudiation	6.29 ± 2.62	6.21 ± 2.92	6.32 ± 2.49	0.822	0.411
Fidelity vs Role repudiation	13.9 ± 3.39	13.7 ± 3.88	14.1 ± 3.17	1.494	0.135
Love	7.02 ± 1.82	7.19 ± 1.89	6.95 ± 1.79	0.110	0.913
Exclusivity	7.31 ± 2.55	7.41 ± 2.31	7.27 ± 2.64	0.717	0.473
Love vs Exclusivity	14.3 ± 3.78	14.6 ± 3.68	14.2 ± 3.83	1.494	0.135
Care	8.18 ± 1.93	7.74 ± 2.01	8.36 ± 1.86	2.742	0.006 **
Rejectivity	5.99 ± 2.72	5.89 ± 2.16	6.03 ± 2.92	0.045	0.964
Care vs Rejectivity	14.2 ± 4.03	13.6 ± 3.44	14.4 ± 4.23	1.627	0.104
Wisdom	5.62 ± 2.36	5.70 ± 2.61	5.59 ± 2.26	0.048	0.962
Disdain	5.46 ± 2.41	5.26 ± 2.89	5.55 ± 2.19	0.962	0.336
Wisdom vs Disdain	11.1 ± 4.02	10.9 ± 4.92	11.1 ± 3.59	0.171	0.864
Total positive scales	55.9 ± 12.5	54.7 ± 12.4	56.3 ± 12.6	0.754	0.451
Total negative scales	49.5 ± 16.9	49.2 ± 16.0	49.7 ± 17.2	0.152	0.879
Overall PIES score	105.4 ± 27.6	103.9 ± 25.9	106.0 ± 28.4	1.068	0.286