Table 2:

Factors associated with paid sick leave among healthcare personnel — United States, April 2022

Characteristic	Prevalence ratio (95% CT)a	Adjusted prevalence ratiob (95% CT)
Age
18–29 years (ref)
30–44 years	1.17 (0.97, 1.41)	1.06 (0.94, 1.20)
45–59 years	1.13 (0.94, 1.37)	1.04 (0.92, 1.17)
≥60 years	1.11 (0.91, 1.35)	1.05 (0.91, 1.20)
Sex
Male (ref)
Female	0.90 (0.84, 0.97)	0.91 (0.86, 0.97)
Occupation c
Physician	0.87 (0.79, 0.96)	0.89 (0.80, 1.00)
Nurse practitioner/Physician assistant	0.91 (0.82, 1.01)	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)
Nurse (ref)
Pharmacist	1.04 (0.95, 1.13)	1.05 (0.94, 1.16)
Other clinical personneld	0.91 (0.83, 1.00)	0.91 (0.83, 1.01)
Assistant/aide	0.83 (0.75, 0.92)	0.95 (0.85, 1.06)
Non-clinical personnele	1.06 (0.94, 1.19)	1.11 (1.01, 1.23)
Primary Work Setting f
Hospital
Ambulatory care	0.96 (0.90, 1.03)	1.01 (0.93, 1.09)
Long-term care facility/Home Health agencyg	0.81 (0.71, 0.92)	0.96 (0.87, 1.07)
Other clinical settingsh	0.88 (0.79, 0.99)	0.96 (0.85, 1.09)
Type of work
Direct hire (ref)
Licensed independent practitioner	0.59 (0.50, 0.70)	0.71 (0.61, 0.82)
Contract employee	0.80 (0.65, 0.99)	0.89 (0.79, 1.01)
Area of primary workplace i
Rural (ref)
Non-rural	1.02 (0.94, 1.11)	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
U.S. Census Bureau Region j
Northeast (ref)
Midwest	0.90 (0.83, 0.97)	0.90 (0.83, 0.97)
South	0.86 (0.77, 0.95)	0.91 (0.85, 0.98)
West	0.97 (0.88, 1.05)	0.98 (0.89, 1.07)
Employer influenza vaccination requirement
Required (ref)
Recommended	0.95 (0.86, 1.04)	1.04 (0.97, 1.11)
Neither required or recommended	0.75 (0.66, 0.86)	0.92 (0.82, 1.04)
Employer COVTD-19 vaccination requirement
Required (ref)
Recommended	0.87 (0.81, 0.94)	0.90 (0.84, 0.97)
Neither required or recommended	0.60 (0.51, 0.72)	0.73 (0.61, 0.89)

Note: Bold case indicates statistical significance (p<0.05 comparing to reference group).

^a95% confidence interval.

^bLogistic regression models included age, sex, occupation, type of work, area of primary workplace, U.S. Census Bureau region, employer influenza vaccination requirement, and employer COVID-19 vaccination requirement.

^cExcluding students.

^dOther clinical personnel include dentists, allied health professionals, technicians and technologists, emergency technicians, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics.

^eNon-clinical personnel include administrative support staff/manager and non-clinical support staff.

^fWork setting presented in Table 2 is created differently from the work setting variable presented in Table 1. The work setting variable presented here represents HCP’s primary work setting created as one variable with four categories that are mutually exclusive, which is different from work setting variable presented in Table 1, where each subgroup was a separate variable that were not mutually exclusive. Primary work setting for students were excluded (n=37).

^gNursing home, assisted living facility, other long-term care facility, home health agency, or home health care.

^hIncludes dentist office or dental clinic, pharmacy, emergency medical services, and other settings where clinical care or related services were provided to patients

ⁱRurality was defined using ZIP codes where >50% of the population resides in a nonmetropolitan county, a rural U.S. Census tract, or both, according to the Health Resources and Services Administration’s definition of rural population. https://www.hrsa.gov/rural-health/about-us/definition/index.html.

^jNortheast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.