Table 1.

Cellular bucket list^a

	Death trigger	Death pathway	Bucket lists	Death-delaying mechanism	Living duration	Consequence of missing execution	Refs
Neutrophils	Intracellular rod, needle, flagellin	NAIP/NLRC4/Caspase-1/GSDMD	IL-1β processing/release, phagocytosis, ROS production	ND	5 hours and more	Reduced bacterial killing	[55–57]
Neutrophils	Intracellular LPS, PMA	Caspase-11/GSDMD, Neutrophil Elastase/GSDMD	NET formation pathway	ND	30–60 min	Failure to form NETs and reduced bacterial killing	[63,64]
Macrophages	Activators for NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, Aim2, Pyrin	Caspase-1/GSDMD	IL-1β processing	ESCRT repair?	30–60 min	Failure to release mature IL-1β
Macrophages DCs	oxPAPCs bacterial peptidoglycan fragments, and mutant Staphylococcus aureus	CD14/Caspase-11/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD	Both macrophages and DCs; IL-1β processing/release, DCs only; Antigen presentation	ND	Macroph ages; 16 hours or more DCs; A few days	Failure to release mature IL-1β, Less antigen-specific T cell responses	[3, 66–68]
IECs	Intracellular rod, needle, flagellin	NAIP/NLRC4/Caspase-1/GSDMD	Cell extrusion pathway;	Caspase-7/ASM-mem brane repair	30–60 min	Failure to extrude IECs, More tissue damage	[4]
Hepatocytes	NK/CTL attack	Perforin/granzymes/Caspase-3	Apoptosis-rel ated bacterial clearance	Caspase-7/ASM-mem brane repair	ND	Failure to clear intracellular pathogens	[4]

Cellular bucket list table

ND; not determined