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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2023 May 5;164(9):1995–2008. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002895

Table 5.

Direct effects derived from path analysis predicting pain sensitivity (n = 577)

Bias-corrected Bootstrap 95% CI
Outcome Predictor Coef. Bootstrap SE Standardized Coef. p LL UL

Direct Associations
→Childhood sexual violent trauma
Age 0.00 0.001 −0.02 0.632 −0.003 0.002
College graduate −0.05 0.04 −0.05 0.214 −0.123 0.027
Female 0.17 0.03 0.19 <0.001 0.109 0.236
→Childhood nonsexual violent trauma
Age 0.00 0.001 −0.01 0.815 −0.002 0.002
College graduate −0.04 0.04 −0.05 0.237 −0.114 0.027
Female 0.07 0.03 0.08 0.032 0.004 0.130
→Childhood nonviolent trauma sum
Age −0.002 0.002 −0.03 0.414 −0.007 0.003
College graduate −0.22 0.08 −0.12 0.006 −0.377 0.068
Female 0.24 0.08 0.13 0.002 0.087 0.386
→Sum of recent trauma
Childhood sexual violent trauma 0.002 0.13 0.00 0.988 −0.250 0.258
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 0.42 0.14 0.13 0.002 0.149 0.687
Childhood nonviolent trauma sum 0.27 0.06 0.19 <0.001 0.152 0.388
Age −0.01 0.003 −0.14 <0.001 −0.017 −0.006
College graduate −0.06 0.10 −0.02 0.524 −0.256 0.134
Female 0.43 0.11 0.16 <0.001 0.226 0.642
→Depressive symptoms
Childhood sexual violent trauma 1.37 0.48 0.13 0.004 0.456 2.333
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 0.40 0.53 0.04 0.448 −0.638 1.436
Childhood nonviolent trauma sum −0.03 0.24 −0.01 0.884 −0.485 0.438
Sum of recent trauma 0.69 0.17 0.19 <0.001 0.360 1.012
Age −0.03 0.01 −0.12 0.002 −0.055 −0.013
College graduate −1.27 0.39 −0.13 0.001 −2.031 −0.499
Female −0.50 0.41 −0.05 0.213 −1.329 0.267
→Anxiety symptoms
Childhood sexual violent trauma 1.20 0.50 0.11 0.018 0.198 2.172
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 0.97 0.52 0.08 0.061 −0.028 1.968
Childhood nonviolent trauma sum −0.24 0.25 −0.04 0.326 −0.718 0.239
Sum of recent trauma 0.75 0.17 0.20 <0.001 0.421 1.071
Age −0.09 0.01 −0.30 <0.001 −0.114 −0.069
College graduate −0.87 0.40 −0.09 0.030 −1.648 −0.097
Female −0.38 0.38 −0.04 0.320 −1.126 0.358
→Cognitive dysfunction
Childhood sexual violent trauma 4.66 2.37 0.09 0.049 0.207 9.444
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 4.70 2.40 0.09 0.050 0.044 9.429
Childhood nonviolent trauma sum −2.18 1.15 −0.09 0.057 −4.417 0.084
Sum of recent trauma 3.09 0.82 0.18 <0.001 1.498 4.694
Age −0.10 0.06 −0.08 0.065 −0.213 0.005
College graduate −8.98 1.91 −0.20 <0.001 −12.656 −5.063
Female 1.48 1.84 0.03 0.420 −2.128 5.129
→Generalized sensory sensitivity
Childhood sexual violent trauma 0.71 0.27 0.13 0.008 0.189 1.236
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 0.96 0.29 0.16 0.001 0.421 1.543
Childhood nonviolent trauma sum −0.03 0.12 −0.01 0.783 −0.254 0.203
Sum of recent trauma 0.37 0.08 0.20 <0.001 0.212 0.532
Age 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.021 0.002 0.025
College graduate −0.32 0.20 −0.07 0.099 −0.710 0.066
Female 0.52 0.19 0.11 0.006 0.147 0.892
→Pain at 4kg - Pubic
Depressive symptoms 0.09 0.32 0.02 0.789 −0.539 0.705
Anxiety symptoms 0.15 0.29 0.03 0.623 −0.438 0.720
Cognitive dysfunction 0.15 0.06 0.12 0.024 0.020 0.273
Generalized sensory sensitivity 1.71 0.52 0.15 0.001 0.674 2.720
Age −0.03 0.07 −0.02 0.692 −0.163 0.109
College graduate 2.67 2.26 0.05 0.236 −1.683 7.134
Female 14.29 2.28 0.26 <0.001 9.747 18.644
→Pain at 4kg - Arm
Depressive symptoms 0.25 0.30 0.04 0.413 −0.353 0.834
Anxiety symptoms −0.45 0.28 −0.09 0.108 −0.991 0.123
Cognitive dysfunction 0.13 0.06 0.11 0.045 0.003 0.247
Generalized sensory sensitivity 1.19 0.54 0.11 0.028 0.121 2.250
Age 0.18 0.07 0.11 0.011 0.042 0.318
College graduate 6.09 2.13 0.12 0.004 1.907 10.163
Female 11.89 2.13 0.23 <0.001 7.652 15.979
Covariance
Childhood sexual violent trauma↔Childhood nonsexual violent trauma 0.06 0.01 0.35 <0.001 0.039 0.073
Childhood sexual violent trauma↔Childhood nonviolent trauma sum 0.09 0.02 0.27 <0.001 0.064 0.125
Childhood nonsexual violent trauma↔Childhood nonviolent trauma sum 0.09 0.01 0.28 <0.001 0.064 0.121
Generalized sensory sensitivity↔Anxiety symptoms 2.91 0.43 0.33 <0.001 2.107 3.794
Generalized sensory sensitivity↔Depressive symptoms 2.91 0.41 0.33 <0.001 2.137 3.761
Generalized sensory sensitivity↔Cognitive dysfunction 16.68 1.94 0.39 <0.001 13.243 20.861
Anxiety symptoms↔Depressive symptoms 9.41 0.89 0.52 <0.001 7.838 11.330
Anxiety symptoms↔Cognitive dysfunction 36.43 4.09 0.42 <0.001 29.323 45.488
Depressive symptoms↔Cognitive dysfunction 44.14 4.34 0.52 <0.001 36.293 53.368
Pain at 4kg - Pubic↔Pain at 4kg - Arm 358.22 24.37 0.66 <0.001 316.690 414.432
Age↔College graduate 0.33 0.32 0.05 0.302 −0.308 0.960
Age↔Female −1.25 0.30 −0.17 <0.001 −1.858 −0.660
College graduate↔Female −0.005 0.01 −0.02 0.581 −0.023 0.012

Note. SE = Standard Error. CI = Confidence Interval. Boldfaced values are significant coefficients in which the bias-corrected boostrap 95% CI does not contain zero.