Table 2.
Comparison of hemodynamic parameters before and after intervention for VW-responders and non-responders patients (1Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test, p-value shown)
| Variable | Baseline | After NE | p-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 81 (18) | 81 (18) | 0.791 |
| - VW responders | 82 (20) | 82 (20) | 0.72 |
| - VW non-responders | 79 (13) | 79 (15) | 0.87 |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 85 (10) | 121 (15) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 86 (9) | 124 (17) | < 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 84 (12) | 116 (8) | < 0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 59 (7) | 80 (12) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 60 (5) | 85 (13) | < 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 58 (9) | 77 (8) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 47 (7) | 63 (12) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 47 (6) | 65 (13) | < 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 46 (9) | 58 (9) | < 0.001 |
| Central venous pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 7 (4) | 9 (4) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 7 (4) | 9 (4) | < 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 8 (4) | 10 (4) | 0.01 |
| Mean systemic pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | |||
| All cohort | 23 [18; 26] | 22 [15; 26] | 0.269 |
| - VW responders | 22 [17; 26] | 20 [16; 25] | 0.15 |
| - VW non-responders | 23 [17; 26] | 24 [22; 28] | 0.59 |
| Critical closure pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | |||
| All cohort | 25 [14; 34] | 45 [27;60] | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 26 [20; 29] | 58 [46;71]* | < 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 25 [18 ;37] | 27 [15;40]* | 0.58 |
| Vascular waterfall (mmHg), median [IQR] | |||
| All cohort | 3.5 [− 10; 10] | 23 [− 2; 47] | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 4 [− 14; 8] | 44 [26; 48]* | 0.001 |
| - VW non-responders | 5 [− 5; 16] | − 2 [− 12; 15]* | 0.17 |
| Indexed systemic arterial resistance (mmHg L−1 min−1 m−2), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 20 [14; 28] | 16 [7; 29] | 0.271 |
| - VW responders | 19 [14; 34] | 11 [5; 24]* | 0.002 |
| - VW non-responders | 22 [6; 26] | 28 [16; 32]* | 0.03 |
| Indexed total peripheral resistances (mmHg L−1 min−1 m−2), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 34 (17) | 40 (15) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 34 (21) | 40 (18) | 0.002 |
| - VW non-responders | 34 (9) | 40 (8) | 0.013 |
| Cardiac index (L min−1 m−2), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 1.7 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 1.8 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.5)* | 0.002 |
| - VW non-responders | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.4)* | 0.09 |
| ScvO2 (%), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 61 (10) | 67 (10) | 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 64 (10) | 69 (8) | 0.02 |
| - VW non-responders | 57 (8) | 63 (12) | 0.05 |
| pCO2 gap (mmHg), median [IQR] | |||
| All cohort | 9 [7; 11] | 7 [4; 10] | 0.073 |
| - VW responders | 9 [7; 10] | 6 [4; 8]* | 0.04 |
| - VW non-responders | 10 [8.00; 11] | 11 [8; 12]* | 0.57 |
| pCO2 gap/arterio-venous oxygen tension, median [IQR] | |||
| All cohort | 1.8 [1.6; 2.1] | 1.9 [0.9; 2.3] | 0.289 |
| - VW responders | 1.9 [1.6; 2.1] | 1.6 [0.8; 2.1] | 0.04 |
| - VW non-responders | 1.8 [1.6; 2.0] | 2.2 [1.8; 2.5] | 0.38 |
| Arterial lactates (mmol L−1), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.7) | 0.705 |
| - VW responders | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.52 |
| - VW non-responders | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.7) | 0.71 |
| Capillary refill time (s), mean (SD) | |||
| All cohort | 4.2 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.1) | 0.001 |
| - VW responders | 4.2 (1.1) | 3.1 (1) | 0.006 |
| - VW non-responders | 4.1 (1) | 3.7 (1.4) | 0.44 |
At each timepoint the two groups were also compared (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p-value not shown; * = statistically significant difference between the VW-responders and non-responders patients)
bpm beats per minute, IQR 25%-75% interquartile range, NE norepinephrine, pCO2 carbon dioxide pressure, ScvO2 central venous oxygen saturation, SD standard deviation, VW vascular waterfall