Table 2:
Mean Omega-3 Index values (% EPA + DHA of total fatty acids in RBC membranes) in cohorts of observational studies or clinical labs from the United States.
| Observational studies | Clinical laboratories | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full RBC FA Profile Published? |
No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Study Ref | [56] | [12] | [57] | - | [58] | - | [38] | - | - | - |
| Cohort | GOCADAN | Framingham Offspring | BPRHS | Framingham Gen3 | WHI-MS | VITAL | Health Diagnostic Laboratory | Cooper Clinic | Prism | Salveo |
| City (Region) | Nome, AK | Boston, MA | Boston, MA | Boston, MA | Nationwide | Nationwide | Nationwide | Nationwide | Nationwide | Nationwide |
| n | 707 | 3,216 | 1,482 | 3,813 | 7,303 | 1,929 | 86,012 | 14,199 | 8,321 | 29,311 |
| Males | 45% | 45% | 27% | 47% | 0% | 49% | 45% | 64% | NA | NA |
| Subjects | Healthy | Healthy | Healthy | Healthy | Healthy | Healthy | Mixed | Healthy | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sampling Date | 2000-2004 | 2005-2008 | 2004-2009 | 2002-2005 | 1993 | 2011-2014 | 2011-2012 | 2009-2012 | 2015-2018 | 2016-2019 |
| Age (years) | 50 | 66 | 57 | 40 | 63 | 67 | 66 | 49 | 64 | 55 |
| C16:0 | 20.9% | 21.3% | 21.9% | 21.1% | 21.0% | 21.3% | 21.3% | 22.2% | 21.8% | 21.8% |
| C16:1n7t | 0.10% | 0.17% | 0.13% | 0.18% | 0.16% | 0.10% | <0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
| C16:1n7 | 0.80% | 0.36% | 0.51% | 0.47% | 0.47% | 0.30% | 0.29% | 0.20% | 0.20% | 0.30% |
| C18:0 | 13.7% | 18.1% | 17.5% | 16.8% | 16.7% | 17.4% | 18.0% | 17.9% | 18.2% | 17.6% |
| C18:1t | 1.60% | 1.70% | 1.03% | 0.68% | 2.11% | 1.0% | 0.66% | 0.80% | 0.60% | 0.50% |
| C18:1n9 | 15.4% | 13.9% | 14.5% | 14.3% | 14.1% | 14.4% | 14.2% | 14.2% | 14.2% | 14.7% |
| C18:2trans | 0.40% | 0.26% | 0.16% | 0.16% | 0.43% | 0.30% | 0.25% | 0.30% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
| C18:2n6 | 17.5% | 11.1% | 12.3% | 13.8% | 11.9% | 12.2% | 11.4% | 12.0% | 11.9% | 13.1% |
| C18:3n6 | 0.10% | 0.08% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.17% | 0.10% | <0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
| C20:1n9 | 0.20% | 0.27% | 0.21% | 0.22% | 0.23% | 0.30% | 0.28% | 0.20% | 0.20% | 0.20% |
| C18:3n3 | 0.20% | 0.19% | 0.13% | 0.17% | 0.16% | 0.20% | 0.15% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.20% |
| C20:2n6 | 0.20% | 0.28% | 0.31% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% |
| C20:3n6 | 1.70% | 1.60% | 1.83% | 1.87% | 1.76% | 1.80% | 1.69% | 1.70% | 1.70% | 1.70% |
| C20:4n6 | 12.4% | 16.8% | 16.6% | 16.2% | 16.7% | 16.3% | 16.0% | 15.8% | 15.9% | 15.2% |
| C24:0 | 0.40% | 0.45% | 0.58% | 0.53% | 0.36% | 0.70% | 1.21% | 0.50% | 0.70% | 0.60% |
| C20:5n3 | 2.20% | 0.72% | 0.43% | 0.67% | 0.69% | 0.63% | 0.80% | 0.80% | 0.90% | 1.06% |
| C24:1n9 | 0.50% | 0.42% | 0.54% | 0.48% | 0.29% | 0.60% | 1.16% | 0.40% | 0.60% | 0.60% |
| C22:4n6 | 1.30% | 3.79% | 3.70% | 3.74% | 3.97% | 3.50% | 3.54% | 3.70% | 3.60% | 3.10% |
| C22:5n6 | 0.40% | 0.66% | 0.79% | 0.71% | 0.79% | 0.60% | 0.61% | 0.60% | 2.70% | 2.60% |
| C22:5n3 | 2.50% | 2.73% | 2.00% | 2.54% | 2.49% | 2.50% | 2.66% | 2.70% | 0.70% | 0.60% |
| C22:6n3 | 6.80% | 4.82% | 3.95% | 4.22% | 4.48% | 4.39% | 4.50% | 4.70% | 4.77% | 4.84% |
| Omega-3 Index | 9.10% | 5.54% | 4.37% | 4.90% | 5.17% | 5.02% | 5.30% | 5.50% | 5.68% | 5.95% |
| Total Trans | 2.10% | 2.10% | 1.19% | 1.03% | 2.70% | 1.39% | 0.91% | 1.20% | 0.82% | 0.77% |
NA, not available
GOCADAN, Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives; BPRHS, Boston Puerto Rican Health Study; VITAL, Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial; WHI-MS, Women's
Health Initiative Memory Study.