Table 1.
Summary of viral components that activate the nlrp3 inflammasome.
| Virus family | Virus | Activator | Possible mechanism | References |
| Paramyxairidae family | NDV | RNA | - | Gao et al. (2020) |
| HMPV | RNA and 2B | ion efflux (Ca2+ efflux) | Zhi et al. (2020) | |
| RSV | - | ROS | Bedient et al. (2020) | |
| PPRV | N protein | binding to MyD88 | Li et al. (2022) | |
| Flaviviridae family | DENV | M Protein | interacts with NLRP3 | Pan et al. (2019) |
| EIII | - | Lien et al. (2021) | ||
| DENV-2 | 2A and 2B proteins | ROS | Shrivastava et al. (2020) | |
| HCV | - | deubiquitination by UCHL5 | Ramachandran et al. (2021) | |
| core protein | -- | Negash et al. (2019) | ||
| ZIKV | NS5 protein | interacts with NLRP3 | Wang et al. (2018) | |
| NS1 protein | cleavage cGAS | Zheng et al. (2018) | ||
| CSFV | - | - | Fan et al. (2018) | |
| HBV | X protein | - | Xie et al. (2020) | |
| Picornaviridae family | FMDV | Lpro | interacted with NLRP3 | Choudhury et al. (2021b) |
| RNA and 2B | ion efflux (Ca2+ efflux) | Zhi et al. (2020) | ||
| ECHO11 | 2B protein | interacts with NLRP3 | Wang et al. (2022) | |
| EV71 | 3D protein | interacts with NLRP3 | Wang et al. (2017) | |
| SVA | 3D protein | interacts with NLRP3 | Choudhury et al. (2022) | |
| EMCV | 2B protein | ion efflux (Ca2+ efflux) | Ito et al. (2012) | |
| Coronaviridae family | SARS-CoV | N protein | - | Pan et al. (2021a) |
| 3A protein | K efflux and ROS production | Chen et al. (2019) | ||
| ORF3a protein | promoting TRAF3-mediated ASC ubiquitination | Siu et al. (2019) | ||
| SARS-CoV-2 | SH protein | - | Le et al. (2019) | |
| Herpesviridae family | HSV-1 | DNA | STING | Wang W. et al. (2020) |
| Orthomyxoviridae family | HAV | M2 protein | dTGN | Pandey and Zhou (2022) |
| Alphaviridae family | MAYV | - | potassium efflux and ROS production | De Castro-Jorge et al. (2019) |
| Filoviridae family | EboV | - | - | Halfmann et al. (2018) |
| Arteriviridae family | PRRSV | Replication-transcription complex (RTC) | dTGN | He et al. (2022) |
| Rhabdoviridae family | RV | - | - | Lawrence et al. (2013) |
| Bunyaviridae family | SFTSV | - | - | Liu et al. (2021) |
| RVFV | - | - | Ermler et al. (2014) |
NDV, Newcastle disease virus; HMPV, Human metapneumovirus; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; PPRV, Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus; DENV, Dengue Virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; ZIKV, Zika virus; CSFV, Classical Swine Fever Virus; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; FMDV, Foot-and-mouth disease virus; ECHO11, Echovirus 11; EV71, Enterovirus 71; SVA, Senecavirus; EMCV, Encephalomyocarditis Virus; SARS-CoV, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; HSV-1, Herpes Simplex Virus 1; HAV, Influenza A Virus; MAYV, Mayaro virus; EBoV, Ebola virus; PRRSV, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus; RV, Rabies Virus; SFTSV, Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus; RVFV, Rift Valley fever virus.