Table 10.

Opioids commonly used in pediatric age - O: oral. IV: intravenous. SC: subcutaneous.

Drug	Starting dose IV/SC	Starting dose oral	Notes
Codeine	-	0.5-1 mg/kg every 3-4 hours	Nausea, vomit
Hydromorphone	Bolus: 0.015 mg/kg every 2-4 hours Infusion: 0.006 mg/kg/h	0.06 mg/kg every 3-4 hours	Nausea, vomit, urinary retention
Morphine	Bolus: 0.05-0.1 mg/kg every 2-4 hours Infusion: 0.03 mg/kg/h	0.5-1 mg/kg every 3-4 hours	Nausea, vomit, urinary retention
Fentanyl	Bolus: 0.5-1 γ/kg every 1-2 hours Infusion: 0.5-3 γ /kg/h	-	Nausea, vomit, urinary retention, itching, respiratory depression
Remifentanyl	Bolus: 0.1-0.5 γ/kg every hour Infusion: 0.1-0.25 γ /kg/min	-	Nausea, vomit, urinary retention, itching, respiratory depression
Sufentanyl	Bolus: 0.2 γ /kg every hour Infusion: 0.1-0.5 γ /kg/min	-	Respiratoty depressione, hemodynamic alterations