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. 2023 Aug 7;14:1212775. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1212775

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Copyright © 2023 Stavres, Aultman, Brandner, Newsome, Vallecillo-Bustos, Wise, Henderson, Stanfield, Mannozzi and Graybeal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Total area under the curve for mean arterial pressure [BPI; (A)] and BPI normalized to the time-tension index [BPI_norm; (B)] recorded during 2 minutes of handgrip exercise (35% MVC) compared between individuals with (MetS) and without (CON) metabolic syndrome. Panels (C) represent BPI responses recorded during 3 minutes of post-exercise circulatory occlusion. Black filled symbols represent Black/African American participants, white filled symbols represent White participants, gray filled symbols represent Asian participants, circles represent male participants, and triangles represent female participants. Lines connecting raw data points indicate participants matched for age, biological sex, race, and ethnicity. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, * indicates a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05).