Table 2.
Food insecurity and its association with sexual orientation after multivariable logistic regression adjustment.
| Variable | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|
| Sexual orientation (Ref: Heterosexual) | |
| Gay/Lesbian | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) |
| Bisexual | 1.61 (1.31–1.99)*** |
| Other non-heterosexual | 1.53 (0.96–2.44) |
| Immigration status (Ref: U.S. Born) | |
| Non-citizen | 1.38 (1.17–1.62)*** |
| Naturalized citizen | 1.21 (1.04–1.41)*** |
| Race/Ethnicity (Ref: Non-Hispanic white) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.80 (1.60–2.01)*** |
| Hispanic | 1.30 (1.14–1.47)*** |
| Non-Hispanic other | 1.42 (1.17–1.73)*** |
| Married (Ref: Not married) | 0.82 (0.74–0.90)*** |
| Female (Ref: Male) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
| Age (Ref: 18–34) | |
| 35–49 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) |
| 50–64 | 0.84 (0.74–0.95)** |
| 65+ | 0.49 (0.43–0.56)*** |
| Education (Ref: No diploma) | |
| GED or high school | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
| Some college | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) |
| Bachelor | 0.58 (0.49–0.69)*** |
| Higher graduate | 0.40 (0.33–0.50)*** |
| SNAP utilizer (Ref: Not using SNAP) | 2.11 (1.90–2.34)*** |
| Self-reported health status (Ref: Excellent or very good) | |
| Good | 1.35 (1.22–1.48)*** |
| Fair or poor | 1.88 (1.68–2.10)*** |
| Current smoker (Ref: Not a current smoker) | 1.52 (1.38–1.69)*** |
| Having difficulties paying for medical bills (Ref: Nodifficulties) | 2.92 (2.66–3.19)*** |
| Having difficulties paying for medications (Ref: No difficulties) | 3.23 (2.88–3.62)*** |
| Income-poverty ratio (Ref: >200 FPL) | |
| <100 FPL | 4.25 (3.75–4.83)*** |
| 100–200 FPL | 2.97 (2.67–3.30)*** |
| Having health insurance (Ref: No health insurance) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00)* |
| Household size (Ref: 1 member) | |
| 2 | 0.89 (0.80–0.98)* |
| 3 | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) |
| > = 4 | 0.78 (0.68–0.90)*** |
| Living with a disability (Ref: Living without a disability) | 1.55 (1.39–1.73)*** |
| Region (Ref: West) | |
| Northeast | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) |
| Midwest | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) |
| South | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) |
| Non-metro area (Ref: Metro area) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) |
| Year (Ref: 2019) | |
| 2020 | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
| 2021 | 0.74 (0.66–0.82)*** |
Boldface indicates statistical significance: *, **, *** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively. General Educational Development (GED), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Federal Poverty Level (FPL).