Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Dec 7;25(1):103578. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103578

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Evolution of synapsid shoulder joint and muscle function

Proposed changes in synapsid forelimb function, plotted across a simplified phylogeny, showing scapulae and humeri for representative taxa. Black annotations are results from the present study; gray annotations are hypothesized changes in forelimb ROM and MMAs based on anatomical transformations observed in fossil synapsids. Silhouettes illustrating Massetognathus and Scaloposaurus modified from artwork by Nobu Tamura. All other silhouettes are taken from phylopic.org. Silhouettes illustrating Bulganbataar, Morganucodon, and Dimetrodon are credited to Lucas Weaver (modified after artwork by MisakiOuchida), “FunkMonk” (Michael B. H.), and Dmitry Bogdanov, respectively.