Fig. 8.

Regulation of ABCB1 by JAK-STAT3. Cytokines activate the JAK-STAT3 cascade, which leads to phosphorylation of STAT3, which leads to activation of the c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase that in turn deactivates c-Jun and reduces Abcb1 mRNA expression levels. Regulation by VEGF. VEGF signals through VEGFR2 to activate the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src. Activation of Src then induces phosphorylation of caveolin-1, which is followed by Abcb1 internalization and lysosomal degradation of the transporter. Regulation by the PI3K/Akt pathway. E2 signaling through ERβ inhibits the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway, which in turn leads to proteasomal degradation of Abcg2. Created with BioRender.com.