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. 2023 Aug 17;18:1763–1772. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S409452

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© 2023 Andreen et al.

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Hospital admission incidence rate ratios for (a) acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and (b) pneumonia, from January 2020 through August 2022. An incidence rate ratio below 1.0 indicates a decrease in the rate of hospital admissions during the pandemic, compared with the prepandemic period. The incidence rate ratios for the combined outcome of total COPD admissions (acute exacerbations, pneumonia, influenza, or COVID-19) are also shown (dashed blue line). For reference, the total number of all registered COVID-19 admissions at the hospital is shown on the secondary y-axis (shaded Orange graph).

Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IRR, incidence rate ratio.