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. 2023 Aug 17;16:3491–3508. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S422002

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© 2023 Liu et al.

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PMC Copyright notice

The association between inflammatory cell death and AF. This figure briefly recapitulates the association between inflammatory cell death and AF induce inflammatory cell death. Inflammatory cell death caused by artificial therapeutic regimens releases inflammatory factors that lead to structural and electrical remodeling, thereby contributing to the permanent progression of the arrhythmia. The cross-link between AF and inflammatory cell death creates a vicious loop.

Abbreviation: AF, atrial fibrillation.