Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
| Mean±SD/n (%) | Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6.22 | ≥6.22 | |||
| N | 131 | 119 | 12 | |
| Age (year) | 55.76 ± 9.88 | 55.55 ± 9.81 | 57.83 ± 10.79 | 0.449 |
| Male sex | 83 (63.36%) | 77 (64.71%) | 6 (50.00%) | 0.314 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139.60 ± 20.31 | 138.88 ± 20.26 | 145.92 ± 20.53 | 0.257 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.08 ± 10.82 | 85.34 ± 11.05 | 82.75 ± 8.56 | 0.434 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.24 ± 3.00 | 24.25 ± 3.03 | 24.19 ± 2.81 | 0.953 |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 12.57 ± 6.99 | 12.47 ± 6.93 | 13.50 ± 7.75 | 0.629 |
| Visual acuity (logMAR) | 0.75 ± 0.54 | 0.72 ± 0.54 | 1.03 ± 0.45 | 0.056 |
| IOP (mmHg) | 16.27 ± 4.08 | 16.29 ± 4.14 | 16.04 ± 3.57 | 0.847 |
| Ocular axial length (mm) | 23.22 ± 1.02 | 23.25 ± 1.02 | 22.87 ± 0.97 | 0.347 |
| CMT (μm) | 289.83 ± 128.46 | 288.38 ± 128.51 | 304.19 ± 132.73 | 0.686 |
| SFCT (μm) | 276.10 ± 92.92 | 278.67 ± 86.68 | 250.57 ± 143.76 | 0.320 |
| Education level | 0.665 | |||
| Junior high school or below | 75 (57.25%) | 69 (57.98%) | 6 (50.00%) | |
| Senior high school | 26 (19.85%) | 24 (20.17%) | 2 (16.67%) | |
| College or above | 30 (22.90%) | 26 (21.85%) | 4 (33.33%) | |
| Systemic diseases | ||||
| Hypertension | 67 (51.15%) | 57 (47.90%) | 10 (83.33%) | 0.019 |
| Chronic kidney disease history | 35 (26.72%) | 31 (26.05%) | 4 (33.33%) | 0.587 |
| Stroke history | 8 (6.11%) | 8 (6.72%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.354 |
| Heart disease history | 6 (4.58%) | 6 (5.04%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.426 |
| Systemic medication history | ||||
| Insulin treatment | 80 (61.07%) | 71 (59.66%) | 9 (75.00%) | 0.299 |
| Oral glucose-lowering drugs | 98 (74.81%) | 90 (75.63%) | 8 (66.67%) | 0.495 |
| Calcium antagonists | 41 (31.30%) | 34 (28.57%) | 7 (58.33%) | 0.034 |
| Ophthalmological treatment history | ||||
| Anti-VEGF therapy | 40 (30.53%) | 37 (31.09%) | 3 (25.00%) | 0.662 |
| PRP | 0.333 | |||
| None | 57 (43.51%) | 54 (45.38%) | 3 (25.00%) | |
| Partial | 27 (20.61%) | 23 (19.33%) | 4 (33.33%) | |
| Whole | 47 (35.88%) | 42 (35.29%) | 5 (41.67%) | |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.22 ± 2.69 | 7.15 ± 2.76 | 7.93 ± 1.78 | 0.341 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.66 ± 1.71 | 7.75 ± 1.77 | 6.86 ± 0.66 | 0.140 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.60 ± 1.19 | 4.34 ± 0.89 | 7.14 ± 0.79 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.31 ± 0.41 | 1.28 ± 0.34 | 1.60 ± 0.78 | 0.009 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.68 ± 1.02 | 2.47 ± 0.76 | 4.77 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.50 ± 0.75 | 1.44 ± 0.70 | 2.08 ± 1.02 | 0.004 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 152.02 ± 189.46 | 147.48 ± 182.98 | 197.00 ± 250.25 | 0.390 |
| eGFR (mL/min×1.73m2) | 65.79 ± 30.04 | 67.38 ± 30.16 | 50.07 ± 24.71 | 0.057 |
Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; logMAR, logarithmic minimum resolution angle; IOP, intraocular pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CMT, central macular thickness; SFCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation.