Table 2.
Summary of in vivo application of DFAT cells in animal disease model
| Application | DFAT cells source | Administration route | Animal model | Grouping (EG and CG) | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakano et al. [58] | Bone | Rat | DFAT Cells + aPRP + GS (Surgical implantation) | Rat | EG: ①DFAT cells + scaffold | The DFAT cell proliferation rate was significantly increased by the addition of aPRP, with significantly higher Runx2 and OCN expression levels than those in the controls |
| ②DFAT cells + scaffold + aPRP | ||||||
| CG: no treatment | ||||||
| Shirakata Y et al. [59] | Bone | Rat | DFAT Cells + PLGA/HA (Surgical implantation) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells + scaffold | Combined with PLGA/HA composite to promote bone regeneration |
| CG: no treatment | ||||||
| Kikuta et al. [60] | Bone | Rabbit | DFAT Cells + β-tricalcium phosphate/type I collagen sponge (Surgical implantation) | Rabbit | EG: DFAT cells | Promoted bone regeneration and alleviated ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis |
| CG: Saline | ||||||
| Yanagi et al. [61] | Bone | Rat | DFAT cells from 3D spheroids (Surgical implantation) | Rat | EG: 3D spheroid DFAT cell | The transplantation of DFAT cells from 3D spheroids accelerated bone healing |
| CG: ①2D monolayer DFAT cell | ||||||
| ②collagen sponge | ||||||
| Nakayama et al. [64] | Cartilage | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | DFAT cells differentiate into NP-like cells and induced ectopic formation of nucleus pulposus-like tissue |
| CG: PBS | ||||||
| Jumabay et al. [33] | Myocardium | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | DFAT cells convert to cardiomyocyte phenotype and repair infarcted cardiac tissue |
| CG: Saline | ||||||
| Obinata et al. [68] | Skeletal muscle | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | Recruited macrophages and transformed into SMC phenotype, leading to a significant increase in the thickness of the damaged urethral sphincter |
| CG: Saline | ||||||
| Sakuma et al. [45] | Smooth muscle | Human | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Mice | EG: DFAT cells | DFAT Cells can differentiate into Smooth muscle-like cells and contribute to bladder tissue regeneration |
| CG:Hanks’ balanced solution | ||||||
| Ikado et al. [69] | Ureteropelvic epithelial cells | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | Inhibited VUR-induced tissue damage, such as ureteral dilatation and renal cell apoptosis |
| CG: Saline | ||||||
| Watanabe et al. And Planat-Benard et al. [36, 51] | Endothelium | Mouse | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Mice | EG: DFAT cells | DFAT cells improved blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs more than ASCs |
| CG: ①Saline | ||||||
| ②ASCs | ||||||
| Soejima et al. And Asami et al. [70, 71] | Endothelium | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: ①DFAT cells | Combined with bFGF to shorten the time required for angiogenesis and skin regeneration |
| ②DFAT cells + bFGF | ||||||
| CG: no treatment | ||||||
| Kashimura et al. [72] | Endothelium | Rat | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | The submuscular connective tissue of the skin was thickened with visible angiogenesis |
| CG: no treatment | ||||||
| Mikrogeorgiou et al. [75] | Nerve | Rat | Cell Suspension (Intravenous injection) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | Relieved inflammation in acute phase of brain injury |
| CG: Ringer’s bicarbonate solution | ||||||
| Kakudo et al. [76] | Nerve | Human | Cell Suspension (Intravenous injection) | Mice | EG: DFAT cells | Restored part of cerebral cortical function |
| CG: PBS | ||||||
| Yamada et al. [77] | Nerve | Mouse | Cell Suspension (local injection) | Mice | EG: DFAT cells | Neuroremyelination and inhibited glial scar formation for the recovery of hindlimb motor function |
| CG: DMEM | ||||||
| Matsumine et al. And Fujimaki et al. [78, 80] | Nerve | Rat | DFAT Cells + nerve conduits (Surgical implantation) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells + conduits | Filled in artificial nerve conduits to promote axonal growth and enhance its maturity and physiological function |
| CG: ①only conduits | ||||||
| ②type I collagen + conduits | ||||||
| Ishioka et al. [82] | Colon | Human | Cell Suspension (Intraperitoneal injection) | mice | EG: DFAT cells | Inhibited T cell-mediated cellular inflammation |
| CG: PBS | ||||||
| Maruyama et al. [84] | Kidney | Rat | Cell Suspension (Renal artery injection; | Rat | EG: DFAT cells | Reduced proteinuria and relieved glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis through inhibited TSG-6-mediated immune |
| Tail vein injection) | CG: Saline | |||||
| Nur et al. [84] | Kidney | Mouse | Cell Suspension (Intravenous injection) | Mice | EG: DFAT cells | DFAT cells reduced the expression levels of TGF-β1 and fibronectin mRNAs |
| CG: PBS | ||||||
| Sugawara et al. And Akita et al. [87, 88] | Periodontal fenestration defects | Rat | DFAT Cells + atelocollagen or PLGA (Surgical implantation) | Rat | EG: DFAT cells + scaffold | DFAT cells were found to have greater potential for promoting periodontal tissue regeneration than ASCs |
| CG: ①ASCs + scaffold | ||||||
| ②only scaffold |
EG: experimental group; CG: control group; aPRP: activated platelet-rich plasma; GS: gelatin sponges; Runx2: Runt-related transcription factor 2; OCN: osteocalcin; PLGA/HA: polylactic acid-glycolic acid/hydroxyapatite; 3D: Three-dimensional; 2D: two-dimensional; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SMC: smooth muscle cell; YUR: vesicoureteral reflux; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; TSG: TNF-stimulated gene; TGF: transforming growth factor