Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.

CABG: coronary artery bypass surgery; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; NR: not reported

Author Name	Publication Year	Region	Surgery Type	Groups	Number of Participants	Mean Age (Years)	Males (%)
Abdallah et al [17]	2021	Egypt	CABG or valve replacement	Propofol	49	NR	NR
				Dexmedetomidine	49
Corbett et al [18]	2005	United States	CABG	Propofol	46	62.4/ 63.6	82.6/ 81.4
				Dexmedetomidine	43
Djaiani et al [19]	2016	United States	CABG or valve replacement	Propofol	92	72.4/ 72.7	76/ 74.7
				Dexmedetomidine	91
Elgebaly et al [20]	2018	Egypt	Open heart surgery	Propofol	25	52.5/ 53.7	30/ 50
				Dexmedetomidine	25
Eremenko et al [21]	2014	Russia	CABG or valve replacement	Propofol	27	NR	NR
				Dexmedetomidine	28
Karaman et al [22]	2015	Turkey	CABG	Propofol	31	63.9/ 62.5	87.9/ 83.8
				Dexmedetomidine	33
Liu et al [23]	2016	China	Elective cardiac surgery with CPB	Propofol	44	56.5/ 53	31.8/ 47.7
				Dexmedetomidine	44
Maldonado et al [24]	2009	United States	Elective cardiac surgery with CPB	Propofol	30	58/ 55	58/ 65
				Dexmedetomidine	30
Mogahd et al [25]	2017	United States	CABG	Propofol	35	54.8/ 53.4	57/51.4
				Dexmedetomidine	35
Patil et al [26]	2021	India	CABG	Propofol	30	NR	NR
				Dexmedetomidine	30
Sharaf et al [27]	2022	Egypt	Elective cardiac surgery	Propofol	75	68.9/ 67.9	50.7/ 52
				Dexmedetomidine	75
Sheikh et al [28]	2018	India	Elective open heart surgery	Propofol	16	35.6/ 33.6	NR
				Dexmedetomidine	16
Subramaniam et al [29]	2019	United States	CABG	Propofol	61	69/ 71	83.3/ 86.7
				Dexmedetomidine	59
Susheela et al [30]	2017	United States	Elective cardiac surgery	Propofol	6	NR	NR
				Dexmedetomidine	6