Table 3.
Bacterial-fungal interactions via VOCs in agriculture
| Producer | Receiver | Compounds | Functions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. faecalis | A. flavus | Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl isovalerate (MI) | Antifungal activity and affected gene expression in aflatoxin biosynthesis | (Gong et al. 2019) |
| B. amyloliquefaciens | F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense | Benzothiazoles phenol, 2,3,6-trimethyl-phenol | Antifungal activity | (Yuan et al. 2012) |
| B. subtilis M29 | B. cinerea | 1-butanol, acetic acid butyl ester, 1-heptylene-4-alcohol, 3-methyl-3-hexanol | Antifungal activity | (Mu et al. 2017) |
|
B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis UQ156, Acinetobacter sp. UQ202 |
P. capsici | Aldehydes, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, ketones | Antifungal activity and promoted plant growth | (Syed-Ab-Rahman et al. 2019) |
|
B. subtilis C9, Pseudomonas trivialis 3Re2–7, Serratia odorifera 4Rx13 |
R. solani | Isomer of acetylbuanediol, benzyloxybenzonitrile, dimethyl trisulfide | Antifungal activity and promoted plant growth | (Islam et al. 2012) |
| Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola |
B. cinerea, A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, S. sclerotiorum, Phytophthora cactorum |
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene | Antifungal activity | (Barka et al. 2002) |
| F. culmorum | S. plymuthica, Collimonas pratensis | Terpene | Inducement of bacterial movement | (Schmidt et al. 2017) |
| P. ostreatus |
B. cereus, B. subtilis |
1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, octanol, 3-octanone, 2-octanone | Antibacterial activity | (Pauliuc and Botau 2013) |
|
P. polymyxa, V. longisporum |
V. longisporum, P. polymyxa |
1-butanol (fungi), durenol (bacteria) | Synthesis of durenol is downregulated, and the production (1-butanol) is upregulated | (Rybakova et al. 2017) |
| Pseudomonas spp.,Micromonospora spp. |
P. ostreatus, P. eryngii |
E)-12-methyltridec-3-enenitrile | Antifungal activity | (Lo et al. 2015) |
| Streptomyces spp. | B. cinerea | 3-carene 2,5-dione, geosmin, beta-cubebene Phenol, 2-(1,1 dimethylethyl)-6-methyl- | Antifungal activity | (Ayed et al. 2021) |
| T. atroviride | P. fluorescens | Unknown | Increased expression of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol | (Lutz et al. 2004) |