Table 2.
Characteristics of participants (n=150).
| E-learning (n=51) | HMD-based (n=49) | Tutor-led (n=50) | Total (n=150) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 22.5 (3.8) | 21.8 (3.3) | 22.2 (4.3) | 22.2 (3.8) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 36 (70.6%) | 38 (77.6%) | 35 (70.0%) | 109 (72.7%) |
| Male | 15 (29.4%) | 11 (22.4%) | 15 (30.0%) | 41 (27.3%) |
| Study program | ||||
| Medicine | 29 (56.9%) | 28 (57.1%) | 27 (54.0%) | 84 (56.0%) |
| Dentistry | 22 (43.1%) | 21 (42.9%) | 23 (46.0%) | 66 (44.0%) |
| Study year | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.1) |
| Semester | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.4 (2.2) | 4.8 (2.1) | 4.2 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.1) |
| Chirality | ||||
| Right | 45 (88.2%) | 45 (91.8%) | 47 (94.0%) | 137 (91.3%) |
| Left/ambidextrous | 6 (11.8%) | 4 (8.2%) | 3 (6.0%) | 13 (8.7%) |
| Vision | ||||
| Normal | 22 (43.1%) | 25 (51.0%) | 22 (44.0%) | 69 (46.0%) |
| Corrected | 23 (45.1%) | 23 (46.9%) | 25 (50.0%) | 71 (47.3%) |
| Not corrected | 6 (11.8%) | 1 (2.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 10 (6.7%) |
| Mental Rotation Test | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.9 (5.0) | 12.1 (4.7) | 12.4 (5.0) | 12.1 (4.9) |
| Computer gaming experience | ||||
| No experience | 15 (29.4%) | 15 (30.6%) | 18 (36.0%) | 48 (32.0%) |
| Once | 9 (17.6%) | 11 (22.4%) | 8 (16.0%) | 28 (18.7%) |
| Yes, more often | 27 (52.9%) | 23 (46.9%) | 24 (48.0%) | 74 (49.3%) |
| Experience with HMDs | ||||
| No experience | 41 (80.4%) | 40 (81.6%) | 47 (94.0%) | 128 (85.3%) |
| Once | 5 (9.8%) | 6 (12.2%) | 3 (6.0%) | 14 (9.3%) |
| Yes, more often | 5 (9.8%) | 3 (6.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (5.3%) |
| Experience with stereoscopic content | ||||
| No experience | 15 (29.4%) | 17 (34.7%) | 24 (48.0%) | 56 (37.3%) |
| Once | 18 (35.3%) | 14 (28.6%) | 11 (22.0%) | 43 (28.7%) |
| Yes, more often | 18 (35.3%) | 18 (36.7%) | 15 (30.0%) | 51 (34.0%) |
HMDs, head-mounted displays.