Table 3.

Synthetic molecules loaded nanoemulsions for wound healing.

Sl. No.	Drug	Methods of preparation	Major additives	Droplet size	Zeta potential	Model used	Salient features	References
1.	Clindamycin hydrochloride	Ultrasonication (O/W)	Propolis and tea tree oil.	19.42±1. 7 nm	−24.5±0.2 mV	Human skin fibroblast.	Improved re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis and potent anti-inflammatory action.	75
2.	Levofloxacin	Low energy method	Sesame oil, Tween 80, Tween 85.	18±5 nm	0.271 mV	L929 mouse fibroblast cells	Significant reduction in period of epithelialization, wound contraction, and number of inflammatory cells.	95
3.	Chlorhexidine acetate	Phase inversion method.	Tween 80, PEG	6.13 nm	−67.13 mV	MRSA cells	Higher activity towards MRSA.	72
4.	Phenytoin	Phase inversion method.	Alkyds and Tween 80 surfactant.	11.7±0.07 to 13.5±0.13 nm	−7.0±0.04 to −7.9±0.69 mV	Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells)	Enhanced proliferation of epidermal cells.	91
5.	Insulin	–	Oleic acid, Tween 80, PEG 400.	458±132 nm	−10.2±3.87 mV	Wistar rats	Synergistic effects towards wound healing.	96
6.	Simvastatin	Ultrasonication method.	Coconut oil, surfactant, co- surfactant.	186.0±2.5 nm	20±1.2 mV	–	6-fold increased inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus, synergistic effects.	98