Table 2.
Intention-to-treat analyses assessing the effects of the exercise intervention on muscular strength, estimated VO2max, and shoulder flexion range of motion in female breast cancer survivors
| Change from baseline at week 12 | Intervention | Mean difference in the change from baseline to week 12 (95% CI) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise (n = 32) | Control (n = 28) | ||||
| Mean change (SE) | Mean change (SE) | ||||
| Full-body muscular strength, z-score | 0.335 (0.122) | − 0.383 (0.130) | 0.718 (0.361 to 1.074) | 1.04 | < 0.001 |
| Upper-body muscular strength, z-score | 0.339 (0.148) | − 0.388 (0.158) | 0.727 (0.294 to 1.160) | 0.87 | 0.001 |
| Lower-body muscular strength, z-score | 0.331 (0.131) | − 0.378 0.140) | 0.709 (0.324 to 1.094) | 0.96 | 0.001 |
| IMTP (N) | 270.2 (47.2) | 49.8 (50.5) | 220.4 (81.1 to 359.7) | 0.82 | 0.002 |
| Bilateral seated bench press (N) | 60.5 (7.2) | 32.3 (7.7) | 28.1 (6.9 to 49.4) | 0.69 | 0.010 |
| Bilateral seated row (N) | 44.8 (6.3) | 9.4 (6.7) | 35.5 (17.0 to 53.9) | 1.00 | < 0.001 |
| Handgrip strength affected arm (kg) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.2 (− 1.3 to 1.6) | 0.07 | 0.811 |
| Handgrip strength nonaffected arm (kg) | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.04 (-1.4 to 1.4) | 0.00 | 0.956 |
| Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 0.25 (0.40) | 0.83 (0.44) | − 0.57 (− 1.77 to 0.62) | 0.25 | 0.340 |
| Shoulder flexion (affected arm) (°) | − 1.0 (2.2) | 0.9 (2.3) | − 2.0 (− 8.3 to 4.4) | 0.15 | 0.540 |
| Shoulder flexion (nonaffected arm) (°) | − 2.2 (2.1) | − 4.2 (2.2) | 2.0 (− 4.0 to 8.1) | 0.17 | 0.503 |
SE standard error, CI confidence interval, IMTP isometric mid-thigh pull, N newtons