Table 2.
Pre-existing comorbidity prevalence rates and odd ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) in psoriatic subjects compared to non-psoriatics
| Comorbidity | PsO (N = 28,614) | Control (N = 28,614) | OR* (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Prevalence % (95% CI) | n | Prevalence % (95% CI) | |||||
| Autoimmune and inflammatory systemic diseases | ||||||||
| Arthritis | 456 | 1.59 | (1.45; 1.75) | 121 | 0.42 | (0.35; 0.51) | 3.81 | (3.13; 4.68) |
| Hidradenitis suppurativa | 39 | 0.14 | (0.10; 0.19) | 11 | 0.04 | (0.02; 0.07) | 3.55 | (1.88; 7.28) |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 78 | 0.27 | (0.22; 0.34) | 26 | 0.09 | (0.06; 0.13) | 3.01 | (1.96; 4.77) |
| Sarcoidosis | 45 | 0.16 | (0.12; 0.21) | 15 | 0.05 | (0.03; 0.09) | 3.00 | (1.72; 5.57) |
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | ||||||||
| Crohn’s disease | 155 | 0.54 | (0.46; 0.63) | 52 | 0.18 | (0.14; 0.24) | 2.99 | (2.20; 4.13) |
| Celiac disease | 95 | 0.33 | (0.27; 0.41) | 47 | 0.16 | (0.12; 0.22) | 2.03 | (1.44; 2.90) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 111 | 0.39 | (0.32; 0.47) | 60 | 0.21 | (0.16; 0.27) | 1.85 | (1.36; 2.55) |
| Pulmonary inflammatory diseases | ||||||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 772 | 2.70 | (2.51; 2.89) | 432 | 1.51 | (1.37; 1.66) | 1.81 | (1.61; 2.04) |
| Asthma | 1895 | 6.62 | (6.34; 6.92) | 1413 | 4.94 | (4.69; 5.20) | 1.37 | (1.27; 1.47) |
| Hepatological disease | ||||||||
| Cirrhosis | 74 | 0.26 | (0.20; 0.33) | 37 | 0.13 | (0.09; 0.18) | 2.00 | (1.36; 3.00) |
| Chronic active/persistent hepatitis | 160 | 0.56 | (0.48; 0.65) | 83 | 0.29 | (0.23; 0.36) | 1.93 | (1.49; 2.53) |
| Hepatitis C carrier | 202 | 0.71 | (0.61; 0.81) | 120 | 0.42 | (0.35; 0.50) | 1.69 | (1.35; 2.12) |
| Reflux esophagitis/gastritis/duodenitis | 1683 | 5.88 | (5.61; 6.16) | 1255 | 4.39 | (4.15; 4.63) | 1.36 | (1.26; 1.47) |
| Peptic ulcer | 1241 | 4.34 | (4.10; 4.58) | 988 | 3.45 | (3.24; 3.671) | 1.27 | (1.16; 1.38) |
| Endocrine diseases | ||||||||
| Hypo/hyperparathyroidism | 91 | 0.32 | (0.26; 0.39) | 50 | 0.18 | (0.13; 0.23) | 1.82 | (1.30; 2.59) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1599 | 5.59 | (5.33; 5.86) | 1111 | 3.88 | (3.66; 4.11) | 1.47 | (1.36; 1.59) |
| Gout | 258 | 0.90 | (0.80; 1.02) | 158 | 0.55 | (0.47; 0.65) | 1.64 | (1.35; 2.00) |
| Osteoporosis | 1293 | 4.52 | (4.28; 4.77) | 1107 | 3.87 | (3.65; 4.10) | 1.18 | (1.08; 1.28) |
| Mental disorders | ||||||||
| Depression | 1635 | 5.71 | (5.45; 5.99) | 974 | 3.4 | (3.20; 3.62) | 1.72 | (1.59; 1.87) |
| Anxiety | 1210 | 4.23 | (4.00; 4.47) | 718 | 2.51 | (2.33; 2.70) | 1.72 | (1.56; 1.89) |
| Neuroses | 715 | 2.5 | (2.32; 2.69) | 575 | 2.01 | (1.85; 2.18) | 1.25 | (1.12; 1.40) |
| Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases | ||||||||
| Carotid artery disease | 273 | 0.95 | (0.85; 1.07) | 165 | 0.58 | (0.49; 0.67) | 1.66 | (1.37; 2.02) |
| Hypertension | 6333 | 22.10 | (21.65; 22.62) | 4645 | 16.2 | (15.81; 16.67) | 1.47 | (1.41; 1.53) |
| Peripherical vascular disease | 519 | 1.81 | (1.66; 1.98) | 357 | 1.25 | (1.12; 1.38) | 1.46 | (1.28; 1.68) |
| Diabetes | 3247 | 11.40 | (10.98; 11.72) | 2339 | 8.17 | (7.86; 8.50) | 1.44 | (1.36; 1.52) |
| Arrhythmia | 1022 | 3.57 | (3.36; 3.79) | 736 | 2.57 | (2.39; 2.76) | 1.40 | (1.28; 1.55) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8124 | 28.40 | (27.87; 28.92) | 6455 | 22.60 | (22.08; 23.05) | 1.36 | (1.31; 1.41) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2355 | 8.23 | (7.91; 8.56) | 1778 | 6.21 | (5.94; 6.50) | 1.35 | (1.27; 1.44) |
| Systemic/peripherical cerebrovascular accident | 773 | 2.70 | (2.52; 2.90) | 619 | 2.16 | (2.00; 2.34) | 1.26 | (1.13; 1.40) |
| Valvular cardiac disease | 783 | 2.74 | (2.55; 2.93) | 629 | 2.20 | (2.03; 2.38) | 1.25 | (1.13; 1.39) |
| Retinopathy | 597 | 2.09 | (1.92; 2.26) | 482 | 1.68 | (1.54; 1.84) | 1.24 | (1.10; 1.40) |
| Environmental and lifestyle-related conditions | ||||||||
| Obesity | 4613 | 16.10 | (15.70; 16.55) | 2923 | 10.20 | (9.87; 10.57) | 1.69 | (1.61; 1.78) |
| Smoking | 8209 | 28.70 | (28.17; 29.22) | 6021 | 21.00 | (20.57; 21.52) | 1.51 | (1.45; 1.57) |
| Other | ||||||||
| Deafness | 487 | 1.70 | (1.56; 1.86) | 326 | 1.14 | (1.02; 1.27) | 1.50 | (1.31; 1.73) |
| Malignancy | 1515 | 5.30 | (5.04; 5.56) | 1209 | 4.23 | (3.99; 4.47) | 1.27 | (1.17; 1.37) |
| Prostatic hypertrophy | 1041 | 3.64 | (3.42; 3.86) | 871 | 3.04 | (2.85; 3.25) | 1.20 | (1.10; 1.32) |
*Reference control group, p-value < 0.001
Pathologies that were not statistically associated (p ≥ 0.001) with PsO were: oncology diseases (breast cancer, urine bladder cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, liver cancer, chronic leukemia, melanoma, benign brain tumor, bone cancer, prostate cancer, cancer of genitalia, gastric cancer, laryngeal cancer, neck cancer, myeloma, sarcoma, neurofibromatosis, acute leukemia, polycythemia vera, lymphoproliferative cancer, colon cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome), chronic renal failure, aortic aneurism, irritable bowel syndrome, infertility, joint replacement, Behcet’s disease, chronic heart failure, hepatitis B carrier, muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, congenital anomalies, pemphigus vulgaris, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, familial Mediterranean fever, head of femur fracture, syphilis/gonorrhea, hereditary neurological disease, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, dialysis, disability, tuberculosis, motor neuron disease, epilepsy, Wilson disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, glaucoma, scleroderma, psychoses, Gaucher disease, Addison’s disease, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, bronchiectasis, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, amyloidosis, idiopathic hypertrophic sub-aortic stenosis, hyperprolactinemia, pneumothorax, blindness, acromegaly, retinitis, pigmentosum, cystic fibrosis