Table 3.
Case | Age (years), gender | Indication for imiquimod | Imiquimod regimen | Interval time (weeks) | Sites of lichenoid eruption | Clinical manifestation | Pathology | Diagnosis | Treatment | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O'Mahony et al., 2010 [112] | 21, M | GW | NR | 13 | Shaft, glans, and prepuce | Multiple violaceous plaques with Wickham striae | NR | LP | Plastic surgery and circumcision | Excellent remission |
Wang et al., 2013 [30] | 37, M | GW | Every other night, 3 months | 4 | Coronal and foreskin areas | Multiple purple-red specks | Wedge-type thickening of granular layer, liquefied degeneration, and lymphocyte infiltration | LP | PDT | Complete remission |
Brown et al., 2014 [111] | 88, F | BCC | 2 times/week, 3 weeks | 3 | Inside of the lower lip, right buccal mucosa, and right lateral border of the tongue | Erythema, ulcers, and leukoplakic whitish lesions | No | Lichenoid reaction to imiquimod | Oral prednisone (60 mg) | Complete remission |
Drummond et al., 2015 [115] | 64, F | BCC | NR | NR | Scalp | Large erythematous plaque | Loss of hair follicles, diffuse scarring of the superficial derma and band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes | Lichen planopilaris | NR | NP |
Zhao et al., 2020 [113] | 33, M | GW | 3 times/week, 3 months | 13 | Prepuce and shaft of the penis | Irregular, slightly elevated, well-defined, pale and reddish plaques | Wedge-shaped hypergranulosis, lymphocyte infiltrate and pigment incontinence | LP | Topical 0.1% tacrolimus | Improved markedly |
Zhao et al., 2020 [113] | 53, M | GW |
3 times/week, 2 months |
8 | Penis and scrotum | Many flat-topped violaceous plaques with Wickham striae | Wedge-shaped hypergranulosis, lymphocyte infiltrate and pigment incontinence | LP | Topical 0.1% tacrolimus | Improved markedly |
Furuoka et al., 2020 [114] | 73, F | AK | 3 times/week, 4 weeks | 8 | Left cheek | 55 × 70 mm in size, slightly elevated reddish plaque | Liquefaction degeneration, lymphocyte infiltrate and pigment incontinence | Lichenoid drug reaction | Topical 0.1% tacrolimus | Resolved |
Domingues et al. 2012 [116] | 44, M | Oral LP | 4 times | 4 | Lips, arms, and legs | Erosion and white papules with Wickham striae | No | Imiquimod reactivation of LP | Topical clobetasol | Resolved gradually |
M male, F female, GW genital warts, AC actinic cheilitis, AK actinic keratosis, BCC basal cell carcinoma, LP lichen planus, PDT photodynamic therapy, NR not reported