Table 2.

Relationship between soil iron availability and hemoglobin levels among children and adult women.

	Children’s hemoglobin	Women’s hemoglobin
	(1)	(2)
District-level soil Fe availability (% Satisfactory)	0.001${}^{\ast \ast }$	0.001${}^{\ast \ast }$
	(0.001)	(0.001)
Individual controls	Yes	Yes
Region fixed effects	Yes	Yes
N	198,906	657,770
${\text{R}}^2$	0.03	0.01

Each cell in the table shows estimates from a separate OLS regression using Eq. (1) (see "Methods" Section). Column (1) includes controls for child characteristics (mother’s religion, ethnicity, age at childbirth, age at start of first marriage, child’s gender, birth order, and month of birth, whether the child lives in an urban or rural location). Column (2) includes controls for women’s characteristics (age, religion, ethnicity, urban/rural, and month of birth). The outcome variable in both columns is hemoglobin levels measured in g/dL. The coefficient on district-level soil Fe shows the change in hemoglobin levels for a 1% increase in the number of satisfactory soil Fe tests in a district. Values in parentheses show the standard errors clustered at the district level. Coefficient significance at 1%, 5% and 10% are indicated by ***, ** and *, respectively.