Table 2.
Comparison of psychological distress in women with and without anxiety disorders.
| Variable | Healthy women (N = 232) | Anxiety disorders (N = 132) | Between‐group comparison | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sa | Db | Ac | Td | Sa | Db | Ac | Td | Sa | Db | Ac | Td | |
| MD, p value | MD, p value | MD, p value | MD, p value | |||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| ≤30 years | 3.5 (2.8) | 1.5 (1.9) | 2.4 (1.1) | 7.3 (4.1) | 6.1 (4.3) | 6.05 (6.4) | 6 (5.3) | 18.1 (14.1) | −2.6, <0.001 | −4.6, <0.001 | −3.6, <0.001 | −10.8, <0.001 |
| >30 years | 3.5 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.1) | 2.2 (1.1) | 7.4 (4.2) | 6.6 (4.2) | 6.5 (5.9) | 7.5 (5.6) | 20.6 (13.7) | −3.1, <0.001 | −4.8, <0.001 | −5.2, <0.001 | −13.2, <0.001 |
| p Value | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary/High school | 3.3 (2.5) | 1.6 (2.1) | 2.4 (1.1) | 7.2 (4.1) | 6.1 (4.1) | 6.1 (6.3) | 5.6 (4.7) | 17.8 (13.5) | −2.8, <0.001 | −4.5, <0.001 | −3.3, <0.001 | −10.6, <0.001 |
| University | 4.1 (3.3) | 1.6 (1.8) | 2.2 (1) | 7.8 (4.2) | 6.7 (4.2) | 6.4 (6.01) | 8.06 (6.2) | 21.1 (14.5) | −2.6, <0.001 | −4.8, <0.001 | −5.9, <0.001 | −13.3, <0.001 |
| p Value | 0.03 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | 0.01 | >0.99 | ||||
| GA | ||||||||||||
| ≤20 | 4.3 (2.9) | 1.9 (2.3) | 2.3 (1) | 8.6 (4.6) | 6.6 (4.1) | 6.2 (5.8) | 6.4 (5.4) | 19.2 (12.8) | −2.3, <0.001 | −4.3, <0.001 | −4.2, <0.001 | −10.6, <0.001 |
| >20 | 3.2 (2.6) | 1.5 (1.9) | 2.3 (1.07) | 7 (3.9) | 5.8 (4.5) | 6.3 (6.7) | 6.9 (5.6) | 19.1 (15.6) | −2.6, <0.001 | −4.8, <0.001 | −4.5, <0.001 | −12.01, <0.001 |
| p Value | 0.002 | 0.07 | >0.99 | 0.003 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | ||||
| Parity | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 3.4 (2.8) | 1.3 (1.6) | 2.4 (1) | 7.1 (4.1) | 6.1 (4.8) | 5.7 (5.9) | 6.6 (5.6) | 18.3 (14.3) | −2.7, <0.001 | −4.3, <0.001 | −4.3, <0.001 | −11.2, <0.001 |
| ≥1 | 3.6 (2.7) | 1.8 (2.3) | 2.3 (1) | 7.6 (4.2) | 6.6 (3.5) | 6.9 (6.3) | 6.6 (5.3) | 20.1 (13.5) | −3.1, <0.001 | −5.1, <0.001 | −4.4, <0.001 | −12.5, <0.001 |
| p Value | >0.99 | 0.046 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | >0.99 | ||||
| Risk of pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Low risk | 3.1 (2.5) | 1.3 (1.7) | 2.2 (1) | 6.5 (3.7) | 4.3 (2.9) | 3.3 (3.8) | 3.9 (3.5) | 11.5 (8.1) | −1.3, 0.001 | −2, <0.001 | −1.8, <0.001 | −5, <0.001 |
| High risk | 4.2 (2.9) | 2.1 (2.5) | 2.5 (1.1) | 8.8 (4.3) | 8.5 (4.4) | 9.4 (6.6) | 9.4 (5.9) | 27.3 (14.3) | −4.3, <0.001 | −7.3, <0.001 | −6.9, <0.001 | −18.4, <0.001 |
| p Value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; MF, mean differences.
a
Somatization 0–24.
b
Depression 0–24.
c
Anxiety 0–24.
d
Total BSI: Brief Symptom Inventory 0–72.