Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling Logistic Regression of Factors Associated with Cannabis Use for Harm Reduction Among 1281 People Who Use Cannabis (3161 Observations), Vancouver Canada, 2016–2018

Characteristics	Unadjusted		Adjusteda
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (per year older)	0.98 (0.97–0.98)	<0.001	0.98 (0.96–0.99)	0.001
Male sex	0.82 (0.65–1.03)	0.092	0.85 (0.67–1.07)	0.165
White race	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.804
High school education or higher	0.88 (0.71–1.10)	0.274
Comorbidities
Pain severityb	1.01 (0.97–1.05)	0.555
Pain interferencec	1.00 (0.97–1.04)	0.903
Substance-use related factorsd
≥Daily heroin injection	1.11 (0.84–1.46)	0.479
≥Daily cocaine injection	0.99 (0.54–1.81)	0.972
≥Daily noninjection crack use	1.30 (0.86–1.97)	0.213
≥Daily methamphetamine use	1.58 (1.23–2.04)	<0.001	1.39 (1.07–1.81)	0.015
≥Daily nonmedical use of prescription opioids	1.51 (0.87–2.64)	0.146
High-risk drinking	0.84 (0.64–1.11)	0.218
Cannabis-use related factorsa
≥Daily cannabis use	1.49 (1.21–1.84)	<0.001	1.42 (1.14–1.78)	0.002
Unregulated dispensary as primary source of cannabis	1.58 (1.25–1.99)	<0.001	1.41 (1.10–1.81)	0.007
Health care-related factorsd
Enrollment in addiction care (ref: none)
OAT	0.98 (0.78–1.23)	0.851	1.01 (0.80–1.28)	0.914
Other modalities (e.g., detox, psychosocial, residential treatment)	1.91 (1.39–2.63)	<0.001	1.65 (1.20–2.29)	0.002
Experiencing barriers to accessing addiction treatment	2.34 (1.52–3.62)	<0.001	2.02 (1.30–3.14)	0.002
Social-structural factorsd
Homelessness	1.28 (1.02–1.61)	0.037	0.94 (0.73–1.21)	0.623
Incarceration	0.94 (0.64–1.37)	0.738

^a Also adjusted for cohort designation.

^b In the week before questionnaire administration.

^c In the 24 h before questionnaire administration.

^d In the 6-month period before the baseline interview.