Table 3.
Summary of Drug-Loaded Nanotechnology in Tendon Healing
| Drug or growth factors delivered | Material | Mode of administration | Tendon | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX-1 and COX-2 siRNA | Nanoparticle gel | Local administration during repair surgery | Flexor digitorum profundus | 89 |
| Celecoxib | PPZ nanoparticle hydrogel system | Local injection one week after Achilles tendinitis defect | AT | |
| TGF-β3 | PLGA-b-PEG NPs loaded in chitosan films | Local administration of chitosan film during repair surgery | AT | 90 |
| Lactoferrin | LF/Hep-PLGA NPs | Local injection one week after Achilles tendinitis defect | AT | 91 |
| Rapamycin | PLGA NPs functionalized with a CHP | Subcutaneous injection one week after Achilles tendinitis defect | AT | 86 |
| COX-1 and COX-2 engineered miRNA | PLGA NPs embedded in thiol-modified hyaluronic acid cross-linked with PEG-diacrylate hydrogel | Local administration during repair surgery | Flexor digitorum profundus | 92 |
| Curcumin | Gold nanorods loaded into polymeric nanomicelles composed of PLGA-b-PEG copolymer | Local injection into proximal and distal tendons during repair surgery | AT | 93 |
| PDGF | Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Local injection into tendon during repair model | AT | 94 |
| microRNA29a | Lipid nanoparticles loaded into PLA-PEG copolymer (PELA) core-shell nanofibrous membranes | Local administration during repair model | AT | 95 |
| Smad3-siRNA | GelMA microspheres encapsulated with NPs entrapped within hyaluronic acid hydrogel | Local administration during repair model | AT | 96 |
| TGF-β1 miRNA | Polydopamine nanoparticles combined with gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and sodium alginate and simultaneously bioprinted with PCL | Scaffolds locally sutured during repair model | Flexor digitorum profundus | 97 |
| Serpine1 siRNA | DMAEMA NPs | Subcutaneous injection after repair model | Digital flexor tendon | 88 |
| IGF1 mimetic protein | Clay microparticles encapsulated in alginate hydrogel matrix | Local administration during repair model | AT | 98 |
| bFGF and VEGFA gene | PLGA NPs | Local injection during repair model | Flexor digitorum profundus | 99 |
| TGF-β1 miRNA | PLGA nanospheres | Local injection into tendon during repair model | Flexor digitorum profundus | 100 |
| Diclophenac diethylammonium | Gold NP gel | Local administration in combination with phonophoresis | AT | 101 |
| pNFCMV-luc (pDNA) | Mesoporous silica NPs | Local injection into AT | AT | 102 |
CHP, collagen hybrid peptide; COX, cyclooxygenase; DMAEMA, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; GelMA, gelatin-methacryloyl; LF/Hep-PLGA NPs, lactoferrin-immobilized, heparin-anchored, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles; NPs, nanoparticles; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PPZ, poly (organophosphazene).