Table 2. Association between weekly GWG after GDM diagnosis and LGA and macrosomia, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI status.

Group	Variable	Univariate analysis LGA OR (95% CI)	Macrosomia OR (95% CI)	Multivariate analysis LGA OR (95% CI)	Macrosomia OR (95% CI)
Note: Multivariable analysis was performed by adjusting for maternal age and weight gain at the time of GDM diagnosis or weekly GWG. Abbreviation: GWG=gestational weight gain; GDM=gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA=large gestational age; BMI=body mass index; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval. * P<0.05. † P<0.001.
Overall group	Weekly GWG (kg/week)	2.404 (1.931–2.991)†	2.800 (2.120–3.697)†	2.692 (2.148–3.373)†	2.820 (2.125–3.742)†
	Weight at GDM diagnosis (kg)	1.072 (1.065–1.078)	1.072 (1.064–1.080)	1.073 (1.060–1.080)	1.072 (1.064–1.080)
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)	Weekly GWG (kg/week)	2.583 (0.755–8.835)	5.414 (1.242–23.593)*	3.022 (0.815–11.197)	6.482 (1.288–32.623)*
	Weight at GDM diagnosis (kg)	1.141 (1.084–1.201)†	1.165 (1.097–1.238)†	1.140 (1.083–1.200)†	1.165 (1.096–1.239)†
Normal weight (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<23.9 kg/m2)	Weekly GWG (kg/week)	2.615 (1.928–3.548)†	3.598 (2.449–5.285)†	2.641 (1.926–3.622)†	3.299 (2.217–4.909)†
	Weight at GDM diagnosis (kg)	1.096 (1.083–1.110)†	1.104 (1.087–1.121)†	1.096 (1.083–1.110)†	1.102 (1.086–1.120)†
Overweight (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<27.9 kg/m2)	Weekly GWG (kg/week)	2.932 (2.004–4.290)†	2.653 (1.655–4.253)†	2.575 (1.734–3.823)†	1.998 (1.223–3.263)†
	Weight at GDM diagnosis (kg)	1.097 (1.080–1.115)†	1.119 (1.097–1.142)†	1.096 (1.078–1.114)†	1.115 (1.093–1.138)†
Obese (≥28.0 kg/m2)	Weekly GWG (kg/week)	2.389 (1.275–4.478)*	1.819 (0.799–4.145)	1.056 (1.032–1.082)*	1.741 (0.750–4.043)
	Weight at GDM diagnosis (kg)	1.057 (1.032–1.082)†	1.050 (1.019–1.082)*	1.056 (1.032–1.082)†	1.050 (1.019–1.082)*