Table 1. Descriptive Data for the Study Cohort.
| Characteristic | All, No. (%) | By regularity and continuity subgroup, No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highly continuous regular | Highly continuous irregular | Moderately continuous regular | Moderately continuous irregular | Noncontinuous regular | Noncontinuous irregular | ||
| Age, y | |||||||
| 22-44 | 9869 (1.96) | 1365 (1.61) | 1634 (1.81) | 642 (1.59) | 2059 (1.66) | 681 (2.62) | 3488 (2.52) |
| 45-54 | 13858 (2.75) | 2020 (2.38) | 2160 (2.39) | 1054 (2.6) | 3058 (2.47) | 825 (3.18) | 4741 (3.42) |
| 55-64 | 28 796 (5.71) | 4518 (5.32) | 4587 (5.07) | 2290 (5.66) | 6451 (5.2) | 1702 (6.56) | 9248 (6.67) |
| 65-74 | 202 605 (40.16) | 35 481 (41.79) | 37 471 (41.41) | 16 318 (40.3) | 47 845 (38.57) | 11 219 (43.23) | 54 271 (39.16) |
| 75-84 | 176 138 (34.92) | 29 695 (34.98) | 31 567 (34.89) | 14 470 (35.74) | 44 831 (36.14) | 8488 (32.7) | 47 087 (33.98) |
| ≥85 | 73 205 (14.51) | 11 818 (13.92) | 13 063 (14.44) | 5717 (14.12) | 19 811 (15.97) | 3039 (11.71) | 19 757 (14.26) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 206 049 (40.84) | 38 610 (45.48) | 38 310 (42.34) | 17 237 (42.57) | 48 834 (39.36) | 10 555 (40.67) | 52 503 (37.88) |
| Female | 298 422 (59.16) | 46 287 (54.52) | 52 172 (57.66) | 23 254 (57.43) | 75 221 (60.64) | 15 399 (59.33) | 86 089 (62.12) |
| Race and ethnicitya | |||||||
| Asian | 9629 (1.91) | 2056 (2.42) | 2884 (3.19) | 606 (1.5) | 2210 (1.78) | 304 (1.17) | 1569 (1.13) |
| Black | 38 459 (7.62) | 8079 (9.52) | 7215 (7.97) | 3288 (8.12) | 8293 (6.68) | 2022 (7.79) | 9562 (6.9) |
| Hispanic | 6231 (1.24) | 959 (1.13) | 1648 (1.82) | 415 (1.02) | 1419 (1.14) | 250 (0.96) | 1540 (1.11) |
| North American Native | 1608 (0.32) | 190 (0.22) | 236 (0.26) | 116 (0.29) | 357 (0.29) | 111 (0.43) | 598 (0.43) |
| White | 431 935 (85.62) | 70 034 (82.49) | 74 849 (82.72) | 34 775 (85.88) | 108 029 (87.08) | 22 489 (86.65) | 121 759 (87.85) |
| Other/unknown | 16 609 (3.29) | 3579 (4.22) | 3650 (4.03) | 1291 (3.19) | 3747 (3.02) | 778 (3) | 3564 (2.57) |
| Region | |||||||
| Northeast | 104 505 (20.72) | 17 820 (20.99) | 18 771 (20.75) | 8880 (21.93) | 26 289 (21.19) | 5214 (20.09) | 27 531 (19.86) |
| Midwest | 105 462 (20.91) | 17 819 (20.99) | 16 500 (18.24) | 8680 (21.44) | 25 293 (20.39) | 6188 (23.84) | 30 982 (22.35) |
| South | 205 847 (40.8) | 35 843 (42.22) | 36 666 (40.52) | 17 012 (42.01) | 50 860 (41) | 10 398 (40.06) | 55 068 (39.73) |
| West | 87 789 (17.4) | 13 286 (15.65) | 18 305 (20.23) | 5863 (14.48) | 21 405 (17.25) | 4125 (15.89) | 24 805 (17.9) |
| Other | 868 (0.17) | 129 (0.15) | 240 (0.27) | 56 (0.14) | 208 (0.17) | 29 (0.11) | 206 (0.15) |
| Disabled | 49 241 (9.76) | 7387 (8.7) | 7838 (8.66) | 3713 (9.17) | 10 806 (8.71) | 3001 (11.56) | 16 496 (11.9) |
| Medicare and Medicaid dual eligibility | |||||||
| Full dual | 61 890 (12.27) | 9864 (11.62) | 11 048 (12.21) | 4757 (11.75) | 13 887 (11.19) | 3226 (12.43) | 19 108 (13.79) |
| Partial dual | 16 520 (3.27) | 2832 (3.34) | 2994 (3.31) | 1317 (3.25) | 3729 (3.01) | 956 (3.68) | 4692 (3.39) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||||
| Cancer | 38 989 (16.1) | 5260 (16.92) | 6210 (16.73) | 3025 (16.31) | 10 247 (15.89) | 2002 (17.69) | 12 245 (15.38) |
| Diabetes | 46 197 (19.08) | 7276 (23.4) | 7192 (19.37) | 4198 (22.63) | 11 765 (18.25) | 2118 (18.72) | 13 648 (17.14) |
| Severe mental health disorders | 21 157 (8.74) | 2300 (7.4) | 2864 (7.71) | 1430 (7.71) | 5342 (8.29) | 1157 (10.23) | 8064 (10.13) |
| Heart disorders | 46 194 (19.08) | 5320 (17.11) | 6947 (18.71) | 3259 (17.57) | 12 779 (19.82) | 2082 (18.4) | 15 807 (19.85) |
| Vascular disorders | 43 170 (17.83) | 5613 (18.05) | 6789 (18.28) | 3390 (18.28) | 11 632 (18.04) | 1928 (17.04) | 13 818 (17.36) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 30 005 (12.39) | 3581 (11.52) | 4730 (12.74) | 2207 (11.9) | 8022 (12.44) | 1339 (11.83) | 10 126 (12.72) |
| Acute kidney failure | 16 452 (6.79) | 1740 (5.6) | 2398 (6.46) | 1038 (5.6) | 4680 (7.26) | 689 (6.09) | 5907 (7.42) |
| RAF score, mean (range) | 1.02 (0.14-15.7) | 0.88 (0.14-11.89) | 0.93 (0.14-10.93) | 0.96 (0.14-11.91) | 1.06 (0.14-12.85) | 0.95 (0.14-11.3) | 1.15 (0.14-15.7) |
Abbreviation: RAF, risk adjustment factor.
a
Race and ethnicity data were obtained from the Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File, which itself originates from Social Security Administration records.