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. 2023 Aug 8;14:1233318. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233318

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Dexamethasone efficiently inhibits cytokine responses in PBMCs upon stimulations with SARS-CoV-2, influenza H1N1 or S. aureus in vitro. (A) PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or left unstimulated for 24h in the absence (DMSO) or presence of different concentrations of dexamethasone, and the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and IL-1Ra were assessed in supernatants (n=6 healthy individuals). (B, C) PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated influenza H1N1 (B), heat-inactivated S. aureus (C), or left unstimulated for 24h in the absence (DMSO) or presence of dexamethasone (100nM) for 24h, and the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and IL-1Ra were assessed in supernatants (n=6 healthy individuals). (D) PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or left unstimulated for 24h in the absence (DMSO) or presence of different concentrations of dexamethasone, and IFN-α was assessed in supernatants (n=4 healthy individuals). (E) PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or left unstimulated for 7d in the absence (DMSO) or presence of different concentrations of dexamethasone, and IFN-γ was assessed in supernatants (n=4 healthy individuals). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *: P value < 0.05, **: P value < 0.01, ***: P value < 0.001, ns = not significant.