. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 22.

Published in final edited form as: Gerontology. 2023 Mar 1;69(7):826–838. doi: 10.1159/000528648

Table 3.

Negative binominal regression models of prospective ADL-IADL score for each multimorbidity group, according to CRP/ HbA1c levels and stratified by sex.

		Prospective ADL-IADL Score

Biomarker	Index disease multimorbidity group	Unadjusted IRR (95% CI)	Model 1 IRR (95% CI) ¹	Model 2 IRR (95% CI) ²	Model 3 IRR (95% CI) ³

Male (N=3,594)

CRP	Arthritis	1.16 (1.09–1.23) ^***	1.12 (1.04–1.21) ^**	1.05 (0.98–1.12)	1.04 (0.97–1.11)
	Hypertension	1.15 (1.08–1.23) ^***	1.12 (1.03–1.21) ^**	1.05 (0.98–1.13)	1.05 (0.98–1.13)
	Heart disease	1.17 (1.09–1.26) ^***	1.13 (1.05–1.22) ^**	1.05 (0.98–1.11)	1.03 (0.97–1.10)
	Diabetes	1.14 (1.03–1.25) ^**	1.14 (1.01–1.28) ^*	1.04 (0.94–1.14)	1.02 (0.93–1.11)
	Cognitive impairment	1.08 (1.00–1.16) ^*	1.07 (0.99–1.16)	1.02 (0.95–1.10)	1.01 (0.94–1.08)
	Cancer	1.14 (1.07–1.23) ^**	1.10 (1.00–1.21)	1.01 (0.93–1.09)	1.01 (0.94–1.09)
	Lung disease	1.02 (0.91–1.14)	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	0.99 (0.90–1.10)
	Stroke	1.08 (0.97–1.21)	0.99 (0.87–1.12)	0.92 (0.81–1.04)	0.92 (0.81–1.04)

HbA1c	Arthritis	1.15 (1.07–1.24) ^***	1.15 (1.04–1.28) ^**	1.17 (1.07–1.27) ^***	1.10 (1.01–1.20) ^*
	Hypertension	1.13 (1.04–1.22) ^**	1.14 (1.02–1.27) ^*	1.15 (1.05–1.25) ^**	1.08 (0.99–1.18)
	Heart disease	1.11 (1.02–1.21) ^*	1.12 (1.01–1.24) ^*	1.09 (1.01–1.17) ^*	1.03 (0.95–1.11)
	Diabetes	1.08 (0.98–1.19)	1.15 (1.02–1.30) ^*	1.19 (1.09–1.30) ^***	1.19 (1.09–1.30) ^***
	Cognitive impairment	1.08 (0.99–1.18)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.14 (1.04–1.25) ^**	1.11 (1.01–1.23) ^*
	Cancer	1.21 (1.06–1.38) ^**	1.20 (1.04–1.39) ^*	1.12 (1.02–1.24) ^*	1.04 (0.93–1.16)
	Lung disease	1.10 (0.96–1.27)	1.06 (0.91–1.22)	1.15 (0.97–1.36)	1.08 (0.90–1.29)
	Stroke	1.15 (1.02–1.30) ^*	1.17 (0.99–1.38)	1.20 (1.02–1.43) ^*	1.17 (0.98–1.40)



Female (N=5,024)

CRP	Arthritis	1.08 (1.03–1.13) ^**	1.13 (1.07–1.19) ^***	1.07 (1.03–1.12) ^**	1.06 (1.02–1.11) ^**
	Hypertension	1.08 (1.03–1.13) ^**	1.12 (1.06–1.19) ^***	1.07 (1.02–1.12) ^**	1.06 (1.02–1.11) ^**
	Heart disease	1.10 (1.04–1.17) ^**	1.13 (1.06–1.20) ^***	1.06 (1.01–1.12) ^*	1.06 (1.01–1.12) ^*
	Diabetes	1.03 (0.96–1.10)	1.04 (0.97–1.12)	1.01 (0.95–1.09)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)
	Cognitive impairment	1.05 (0.99–1.10)	1.09 (1.02–1.15) ^**	1.02 (0.97–1.08)	1.02 (0.97–1.08)
	Cancer	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.08 (0.98–1.20)	1.00 (0.93–1.08)	1.00 (0.93–1.08)
	Lung disease	1.14 (1.04–1.25) ^**	1.20 (1.09–1.33) ^***	1.13 (1.05–1.21) ^**	1.14 (1.07–1.23) ^***
	Stroke	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	1.06 (0.98–1.14)	1.05 (0.98–1.14)

HbA1c	Arthritis	1.08 (1.02–1.14) ^*	1.05 (0.98–1.12)	1.07 (1.00–1.13) ^*	0.99 (0.93–1.06)
	Hypertension	1.09 (1.03–1.15) ^**	1.07 (1.01–1.14) ^*	1.11 (1.05–1.17) ^***	1.03 (0.98–1.09)
	Heart disease	1.08 (1.02–1.16) ^*	1.07 (0.99–1.15)	1.11 (1.03–1.19) ^**	1.04 (0.97–1.13)
	Diabetes	1.02 (0.95–1.08)	1.03 (0.96–1.10)	1.07 (1.01–1.15) ^*	1.07 (1.01–1.14) ^*
	Cognitive impairment	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	1.02 (0.96–1.08)	1.06 (0.99–1.12)	1.03 (0.96–1.09)
	Cancer	1.03 (0.92–1.16)	1.04 (0.91–1.18)	1.05 (0.95–1.17)	0.93 (0.83–1.04)
	Lung disease	1.09 (0.97–1.22)	1.04 (0.92–1.18)	1.02 (0.90–1.15)	0.95 (0.83–1.08)
	Stroke	1.05 (0.96–1.14)	1.04 (0.96–1.13)	1.09 (0.99–1.20)	1.05 (0.95–1.16)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IRR, incidence rate ratio

0.05>p-value≥0.01;

^**

0.01>p-value≥0.001;

^***

p-value<0.001

Model 1 is adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, and BMI.

Model 2 is additionally adjusted for baseline ADL-IADL score.

Model 3 is additionally adjusted for the count of chronic diseases.

IRR interpretation for HbA1c: for a specific multimorbidity group, for every unit increase in HbA1c, the prospective ADL-IADL score increases or decreases by a factor of X.

IRR interpretation for CRP: for a specific multimorbidity group, for every doubling of CRP, the prospective ADL-IADL score increases or decreases by a factor of X.