Table 3.

Relationships Between D-Dimer and Clinical Outcomes Based on OAC Use

	D-Dimer, μg/mL	Warfarin (n = 728)				DOAC (n = 2,289)
		n	Incidence Rate, /100 py	aHR (95% CI)	P Value	n	Incidence Rate, /100 py	aHR (95% CI)	P Value
Stroke/SEE	<1.0	625	1.99	Reference	–	2,057	1.50	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	2.87	1.10 (0.35-3.46)	0.864	232	1.99	1.23 (0.58-2.65)	0.588
Major bleeding	<1.0	625	0.69	Reference	–	2,057	1.08	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	2.25	2.48 (0.43-14.21)	0.309	232	1.48	1.23 (0.51-2.97)	0.652
ICH	<1.0	625	0.34	Reference	–	2,057	0.77	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	0.56	–a	–a	232	1.23	1.62 (0.60-4.43)	0.343
CV events	<1.0	625	8.85	Reference	–	2,057	5.29	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	16.36	1.30 (0.80-2.10)	0.292	232	12.64	1.91 (1.37-2.66)	<0.001
CV death	<1.0	625	1.45	Reference	–	2,057	0.66	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	3.33	1.00 (0.29-3.38)	0.995	232	3.65	3.54 (1.75-7.18)	<0.001
All-cause death	<1.0	625	3.75	Reference	–	2,057	2.19	Reference	–
	≥1.0	103	13.32	2.41 (1.36-4.25)	0.003	232	9.75	3.20 (2.14-4.78)	<0.001
	≥1.0	103	17.35	2.18 (1.33-3.57)	0.002	232	11.46	2.26 (1.60-3.19)	<0.001

Sex, age, body mass index, history of major bleeding, type of AF, hypertension, severe liver function disorder, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, heart failure/left ventricular systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, active cancer, dementia, falls within 1 year, catheter ablation, antiarrhythmic agents, antiplatelet agents, proton pump inhibitors, P-glycoprotein inhibitors, dyslipidemia, creatinine clearance, digestive disease, and polypharmacy were included in the model.

aHR = adjusted hazard ratio; CV = cardiovascular; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage; py = person-years; SEE = systemic embolic events; other abbreviations as in Table 1.

^aNot calculated due to the low number of events.