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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2023 May 4;231(Pt 1):115990. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115990

Table 2.

Association between in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and epigenetic measures of age acceleration in adult women.

NCI’s Combined DES Cohort Feasibility Study Sister Study Cohort Fixed effect meta-analysis
Epigenetic measures of age acceleration Exposed
(N=40)
Mean (SD)		 Unexposed
(N=20)
Mean (SD)		 β (95% CI)* Exposed
(N=99)
Mean (SD)		 Unexposed
(N=100)
Mean (SD)		 β (95% CI)* β (95% CI) I2
Horvath 0.30 (4.24) −0.60 (4.34) 0.56
(−1.99, 3.10)		 −0.05 (4.25) 0.05 (4.47) 0.31
(−0.95,1.58)		 0.36
(−0.77, 1.50)		 0%
Hannum 0.37 (3.88) −0.74 (4.77) 1.16
(−1.26, 3.59)		 −0.39 (4.34) 0.30 (4.26) −0.05
(−1.22, 1.12)		 0.19
(−0.87, 1.24)		 0%
PhenoAge 0.71 (5.67) −1.41 (6.23) 1.85
(−1.65, 5.35)		 −0.25 (5.74) 0.25 (6.03) 0.18
(−1.41, 1.77)		 0.47
(−0.97, 1.91)		 0%
GrimAge 0.71 (3.68) −1.41 (2.66) 1.78
(0.05, 3.51) 		−0.03 (4.03) 0.03 (3.81) 0.40
(−0.35, 0.30)		 0.63
(−0.06, 1.31)		 0.53%
*

Associations were computed using robust linear regression models with epigenetic measures of age acceleration as the outcome. Beta indicates the mean difference in methylation age in expose versus unexposed. Models were adjusted for BMI and smoking.