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. 2023 Aug 8;11:1225995. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225995

Table 7.

Proactive metrics concerning their measurement, highlighting the leading and lagging indicators.

Proactive metrics Measurements Indicators
Safety training programs Number of training sessions conducted. Percentage of employees trained. Number of safety violations pre- and post-training. TRAR and SR pre- and post-training. Leading
Safety meetings Frequency of safety meetings held. Participation rates of employees and management. Number of safety concerns raised and addressed. TRAR and SR pre- and post-meetings. Leading
Job hazard analysis Number of job hazard analyses completed. Number of corrective actions taken. Number of incidents prevented. TRAR and SR pre- and post-hazard analyses. Lagging
Safety audits and inspection Frequency of safety audits and inspections. Number of safety violations identified. Number of corrective actions taken. TRAR and SR pre- and post-audits/inspections. Leading/ Lagging
Safety communication plans Effectiveness of safety communication strategies. Employee feedback on safety communication. Number of safety incidents prevented. TRAR and SR pre- and post-communication plans. Leading
Near-miss reporting system Number of near misses reported. Percentage of near misses investigated and addressed. Number of incidents prevented through near-miss reporting. TRAR and SR pre- and post-near-miss reporting. Leading/ Lagging
Management commitment to safety Demonstrated commitment from upper management. Allocation of resources to safety initiatives. Employee perception of management commitment to safety. TRAR and SR pre- and post-commitment to safety. Leading/ Lagging
Employee involvement in safety Employee participation in safety programs. Employee feedback on safety policies and procedures. Employee suggestions for safety improvements. TRAR and SR pre- and post-employee involvement. Lagging
Safety risk assessments Number of risk assessments completed. Number of high-risk activities identified. Number of mitigating actions implemented. TRAR and SR pre- and post-risk assessments. Lagging
Safety leadership Demonstrated safety leadership from managers and supervisors. Employee perception of safety leadership. Number of safety initiatives led by safety leaders. TRAR and SR pre- and post-safety leadership. Leading
Safety culture assessments Employee perception of safety culture. Number of safety culture initiatives implemented. Number of safety culture improvements observed. TRAR and SR pre- and post-safety culture assessments. Leading
Safety incentive programs Employee participation in safety incentive programs. Number of safety-related achievements recognized. Number of safety incidents prevented through incentive programs. TRAR and SR pre- and post-incentive programs. Leading
Safety checklists Number of safety checklists completed. Number of safety issues identified. Number of corrective actions taken. TRAR and SR pre- and post-checklists Lagging
Contractor management Number of safety assessments completed for contractors. Number of safety requirements communicated to contractors. Number of safety incidents involving contractors. TRAR and SR pre- and post-contractor management. Leading
Safety equipment inspections Frequency of safety equipment inspections. Number of safety equipment issues identified. Number of corrective actions taken. TRAR and SR pre- and post-equipment inspections. Lagging
Emergency preparedness Effectiveness of emergency response plans. Number of emergency drills and exercises conducted. Number of emergency incidents prevented or mitigated. TRAR and SR pre- and post-emergency preparedness. Leading
TRAR Total Recordable Accident Rate (TRAR) is a safety performance indicator that measures the number of work-related accidents and injuries within a specific timeframe per a certain number of hours worked. It provides a standardized measure to assess the overall safety performance of an organization or workplace.
TRAR = (Number of Recordable Accidents / Total Hours Worked) x 100,000
Safety readiness (SR) SR, or Safety Readiness, is a proactive safety measure that refers to the preparedness and state of readiness within an organization or individual to effectively manage safety risks and respond to potential hazards. It encompasses a range of activities and practices aimed at preventing accidents and promoting a safe working environment
Pre- and post training Pre- and Post-Training measures refer to proactive safety measures taken before and after training sessions to enhance the effectiveness of safety training programs and maximize their impact on improving workplace safety. These measures aim to ensure that employees receive relevant and comprehensive training, retain the knowledge and skills acquired, and apply them effectively in their work environment.