Table 1.
Association of Dietary Patterns with Multiple Myeloma.
| A | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Meat eaters | Fish eaters | Vegetarians | Vegans | |
| Number | 32,491 | 8612 | 18,298 | 2246 | Key AJCN 2014 [11] |
| Cancer cases | 3275 | 520 | 1098 | 105 | |
| Relative risk reduction | 100 | 88 | 89 | 81 | |
| Multiple myeloma cases | 53 (0.2%) | 7 (0.08%) | 5 (0.03%) | ||
| Relative risk reduction | 100 | 80 | 23 | ||
| B | |||||
| Diet | Hazard Ratio (per 1 SD↑) | Confidence interval | P value | Study | |
| Multiple Myeloma in Males | |||||
| Unhealthy Dietary Patterns | |||||
| Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) | 1.16 | 1.02–1.32 | Lee et al. JNCI Can Spec 2019 [12] | ||
| Multiple Myeloma Specific Mortality | |||||
| Healthy Dietary Patterns | |||||
| Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) | 0.76 | 0.67–0.87 | <0.001 | Lee et al. Int J Cancer 2020 [13] | |
| Alternate Mediterranean diet | 0.85 | 0.75–0.97 | 0.01 | ||
| Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet | 0.85 | 0.76–0.95 | 0.006 | ||
| Prudent diet | 0.76 | 0.66–0.87 | <0.001 | ||
| Unhealthy Dietary Patterns | |||||
| Western diet | 1.24 | 1.07–1.44 | 0.005 | ||
| Empirical Dietary Index for Insulin Resistance (EDIR) | 1.16 | 1.02–1.33 | 0.03 | ||
| Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) | 1.17 | 1.01–1.35 | 0.03 | ||
A:Oxford Vegetarian study and EPIC-Oxford cohort and Multiple Myeloma by Key et al. B:Dietary Patterns and Multiple Myeloma by Lee et al.