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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 22.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biochem. 2023 Apr 17;92:145–173. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-052521-035330

Figure 2. Writers, readers, and erasers of other mRNA modifications.

Figure 2.

Shown are the major regulatory proteins of pseudouridine, m1A, m5C, ac4C, and Nm as well as the types of RNAs in which these modifications have been identified. Further characterization of many of these regulatory proteins will be important for understanding how these modifications are controlled in cells and their contribution to gene expression. In some cases, eraser and reader proteins have not yet been identified.