Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory data at presentation (T0).
| All patients (n = 100) | Negative CMA (n = 16) | Confirmed CMA (n = 84) | Test of significance, p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in months | ||||
| Median [min–max] | 3.25 [2.00–7.00] | 2.50 [1.75–4.00] | 4.00 [2.00–7.00] | 0.160 NS |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 50 (50.00%) | 7 (43.75%) | 43 (51.19%) | 0.585 NS |
| Female | 50 (50.00%) | 9 (56.25%) | 41 (48.81%) | |
| Type of feeding | ||||
| Exclusive breast feeding | 21 (21.00%) | 3 (18.75%) | 18 (21.43%) | 0.970 NS |
| Exclusive artificial feeding | 43 (43.00%) | 7 (43.75%) | 36 42.86%) | |
| Mixed | 36 (36.00%) | 6 (37.50%) | 30 (35.71%) | |
| Family history of allergy | 19 (19.00%) | 2 (12.50%) | 17 (20.24%) | 0.471 NS |
| Weight for age Z score | ||||
| Normal | 48 (48.00%) | 6 (37.50%) | 42 50.00%) | |
| Under weight | 52 (52.00%) | 10 (62.50%) | 42 (50.00%) | 0.357 NS |
| Length for age Z score | ||||
| Normal | 74 (74.00%) | 11 (68.75%) | 63 75.00%) | |
| Stunted | 26 (26.00%) | 5 (31.25%) | 21 (25.00%) | 0.603 NS |
| Weight for length | ||||
| Normal | 72 (72.00%) | 10 (62.50%) | 62 73.81%) | |
| Wasted | 28 (28.00%) | 6 (37.50%) | 22 (26.19%) | 0.357 NS |
| Usage of previous specialized formulasa | 57 (57.00%) | 6 (37.50%) | 51 (60.71%) | 0.085 NS |
| Lactose-free formula (LF) | 33/57 (57.89%) | 4/6 (66.67%) | 29/51 (56.86%) | 0.582 NS |
| Anti-regurgitation (AR) formula | 3/57 (5.26%) | 0/6 (0.00%) | 3/51 (5.88%) | 0.541 NS |
| Soy-based formula | 12/57 (21.05%) | 1/6 (16.67%) | 11/51 (21.57%) | 0.779 NS |
| Partially hydrolyzed formula (HA) | 16/57 (28.07%) | 1/6 (16.67%) | 15/51 (29.41%) | 0.509 NS |
| Positive specific IgE for cow milk | 21 (21.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 21 (25.00%) | 0.024* |
| System(s) involved | ||||
| General | 2 (2.00%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (1.19%) | 0.186 NS |
| GIT only | 25 (25.00%) | 6 (37.50%) | 19 (22.62%) | 0.207 NS |
| GIT and skin | 24 (24.00%) | 2 (12.50%) | 22 (26.19%) | 0.238 NS |
| GIT and respiratory | 13 (13.00%) | 3 (18.75%) | 10 (11.90%) | 0.453 NS |
| GIT, respiratory, and skin | 36 (36.00%) | 4 (25.00%) | 32 (38.10%) | 0.317 NS |
| Total CoMiSS Score (T0) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 15.76 ± 5.29 | 12.44 ± 5.01 | 16.39 ± 5.13 | 0.006* |
| Min–Max | 2.00–26.00 | 6.00–22.00 | 2.00–26.00 | |
Normal weight = weight for age between −2 and +1 standard deviation SD on Egyptian Z score and underweight = weight for age < −2 SD.
Normal length = length for age between −2 and +3 SD on Egyptian Z score and stunted = length for age < −2 SD.
Normal weight for length = weight for length between −2 and +1 SD on Egyptian Z score and wasted = weight for length < −2 SD.
SD standard deviation.
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05); NS: statistically not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
aThe use of previously specialized formulas is NOT necessarily exclusive (a child may use one or more types of formulas; hence the overall percentage may be higher than 100%).