Table 1.

Study participants’ characteristics (n = 17).

Characteristics	Total
Age (years)	13.90 (12.29–17.89)
Sex, n (%)
Male	9 (52.94)
Female	8 (47.06)
Bodyweight (kg)	53.44 ± 12.00
Height (cm)	166.28 ± 13.19
Weight classification, n (%)
Normal weight	15 (88.24)
Overweight	2 (11.76)
Obese	0 (0)
Caffeine consumption behavior, n (%)a
Rarely	10 (58.82)
Occasionally	2 (11.76)
Frequently	3 (17.65)
Daily	2 (11.76)
Energy drink consumption behavior, n (%)b
Never	7 (41.18)
Rarely	8 (47.06)
Occasionally	1 (5.88)
Frequently	1 (5.88)
Daily	0 (0)

Continuous data are given as median (IQR) if non-normally distributed. Nominal data are presented as n (%).

^aRare caffeine consumers if <1 caffeine-containing drink per month, occasional caffeine consumers if 1–3 caffeine-containing drinks per month, frequent caffeine consumers if 1–6 caffeine-containing drinks per week, and daily caffeine consumers if ≥1 caffeine-containing drink per day.¹⁸

^bRare energy drink consumers if <1 energy drink per month, occasional energy drink consumers if 1–3 energy drinks per month, frequent energy drink consumers if 1–6 energy drinks per week, and daily energy drink consumers if ≥1 energy drink per day.