Table 2.

Multivariate Associations between Serum Lipid Levels and Corneal-Compensated Intraocular Pressure in the UK Biobank and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk Cohorts

Serum Lipid Levels (mmol/L)	UK Biobank			European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk
	β Coefficient	95% Confidence Interval	P Value	β Coefficient	95% Confidence Interval	P Value
Total cholesterol per 1-SD increase	0.09	0.06–0.11	<0.001	0.19	0.07–0.31	0.001
Total cholesterol in quartiles
1	Reference			Reference
2	0.15	0.09–0.21	<0.001	0.22	–0.07 to 0.50	0.14
3	0.19	0.13–0.25	<0.001	0.16	–0.15 to 0.47	0.32
4	0.23	0.16–0.29	<0.001	0.43	0.11–0.75	0.008
P value for trend			<0.001			0.017
HDL-C per 1-SD increase	0.11	0.08–0.13	<0.001	0.14	0.03–0.25	0.016
HDL-C in quartiles
1	Ref			Ref
2	0.13	0.07–0.19	<0.001	0.12	–0.15 to 0.39	0.39
3	0.21	0.15–0.27	<0.001	0.28	–0.01 to 0.57	0.06
4	0.30	0.23–0.37	<0.001	0.27	–0.04 to 0.58	0.09
P for trend			<0.001			0.06
LDL-C per 1-SD increase	0.07	0.05–0.09	<0.001	0.17	0.06–0.29	0.003
LDL-C in quartiles
1	Ref			Ref
2	0.08	0.02–0.14	0.009	0.09	–0.19 to 0.37	0.53
3	0.11	0.05–0.18	<0.001	0.13	–0.17 to 0.43	0.40
4	0.18	0.12–0.24	<0.001	0.48	0.15–0.81	0.004
P value for trend			<0.001			0.007
Triglycerides per 1-SD increase	–0.05	–0.08 to –0.03	<0.001	–0.05	–0.15 to 0.05	0.30
Triglycerides in quartiles
1	Ref			Ref
2	0.01	–0.05 to 0.07	0.69	0.04	–0.23 to 0.31	0.78
3	–0.04	–0.09 to 0.02	0.22	0.02	–0.25 to 0.28	0.90
4	–0.12	–0.18 to –0.06	<0.001	–0.10	–0.38 to 0.18	0.48
P value for trend			<0.001			0.49
Apolipoproteins per 1-SD increase (g/dl)
A	0.11	0.09–0.13	<0.001	—	—	—
B	0.08	0.05–0.10	<0.001	—	—	—
Cholesterol components in same model per 1-SD increase
HDL-C∗	0.10	0.08–0.13	<0.001	0.13	0.02–0.24	0.019
LDL-C†	0.07	0.05–0.09	<0.001	0.17	0.05–0.28	0.004
Serum lipids in same model
TC‡	0.11	0.08–0.13	<0.001	0.22	0.10–0.34	<0.001
Triglycerides§	–0.09	–0.11 to –0.07	<0.001	–0.09	–0.20 to 0.01	0.065
Clinical serum lipid ratios
TC to HDL-C	–0.03	–0.05 to –0.01	0.005	–0.01	–0.11 to 0.09	0.861
LDL-C/HDL-C	–0.02	–0.05 to –0.00	0.046	0.03	–0.07 to 0.14	0.541
Triglycerides to HDL-C	–0.08	–0.10 to –0.06	<0.001	–0.10	–0.20 to 0.01	0.055

HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD = standard deviation; TC = total cholesterol.

All analyses are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, height, smoking, alcohol status, diabetes status, statin use, oral β-blocker use, and spherical equivalent. Quartiles in UK Biobank are defined as follows: (1) total cholesterol: quartile 1, ≤ 4.88; quartile 2, 4.89–5.62; quartile 3, 5.63–6.39; and quartile 4, ≥ 6.40; (2) HDL-C, quartile 1, ≤ 1.18; quartile 2, 1.19–1.41; quartile 3, 1.42–1.69; and quartile 4, ≥ 1.70; (3) LDL-C: quartile 1, ≤ 2.92; quartile 2, 2.93–3.48; quartile 3, 3.49–4.08; and quartile 4, ≥ 4.09; and (4) triglycerides: quartile 1, ≤ 1.02; quartile 2, 1.03–1.44; quartile 3, 1.45–2.07; and quartile 4, ≥ 2.08. Quartiles in EPIC-Norfolk are defined as follows: (1) TC: quartile 1, ≤ 4.67; quartile 2, 4.68–5.49; quartile 3, 5.50–6.19; and quartile 4, ≥ 6.20–10.20; (2) HDL-C: quartile 1, ≤ 1.21; quartile 2, 1.22–1.46; quartile 3, 1.47–1.77; and quartile 4, ≥ 1.78; (3) LDL-C: quartile 1, ≤ 2.46; quartile 2, 2.47–3.14; quartile 3, 3.15–3.83; and quartile 4, ≥ 3.84; and (4) triglycerides: quartile 1, ≤ 1.19; quartile 2, 1.20–1.57; quartile 3, 1.58–2.19; and quartile 4, ≥ 2.20.

^∗Additionally adjusted for LDL-C.

^†Additionally adjusted for HDL-C.

^‡Additionally adjusted for triglycerides.

^§Additionally adjusted for TC.