Table 5.

Multivariable-adjusted^a,b odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of NAFLD according to use of VMS according to population's hypertension-related factors.

Stratification factors	Cases/Non-cases	Use of VMS		P interaction
		Nonusers	Current users
		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
By hypertension staged
Stage 1	1,007/2,869	1 (Ref)	0.65 (0.48–0.88)	0.41
Stage ≥ 2	823/1,946	1 (Ref)	0.87 (0.59–1.28)
By type of hypertensione
ISH	150/659	1 (Ref)	1.41 (0.62–3.22)	0.89
IDH	860/2,142	1 (Ref)	0.62 (0.45–0.87)
SDH	820/2,014	1 (Ref)	0.78 (0.53–1.16)
By use of hypertension medication
Yes	740/1,779	1 (Ref)	0.85 (0.60–1.22)	0.32
No	1,275/3,583	1 (Ref)	0.68 (0.51–0.90)
By blood pressure control statusf
Controlled	555/1,233	1 (Ref)	0.81 (0.54–1.23)	0.32
Uncontrolled	185/546	1 (Ref)	0.80 (0.40–1.60)

CI confidence intervals, IDH Isolated diastolic hypertension, ISH Isolated systolic hypertension, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, OR odds ratio, SDH systolic and diastolic hypertension, VMS vitamins and minerals supplements.

^aAll results presented in this table are sampling-weighted estimates except the number of study participants.

^bMultivariable model was adjusted for age (quartiles), sex (male, female), household income level (quartiles), education level (elementary school, middle school, high school, college or higher), smoking status (never, past, current), alcohol drinking status (never, past, ≤ 1 time/month, 2– ≤ 4 times/month, ≥ 2 times/week), regular exercise (no, yes), body mass index (< 18.5 kg/m², 18.5– < 23 kg/m², 23– < 25 kg/m², ≥ 25 kg/m²), waist circumference (cm, continuous), diabetes mellitus (no, yes), hypercholesterolemia (no, yes), number of comorbidities (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥ 4), serum triglyceride concentration (mg/dL, continuous), hypertension stage (stage1, ≥ stage2, other), current use of hypertension medications (no, yes), and intakes of total energy (quartiles) and fruits and vegetables (quartiles).

^cP interaction was tested by including the product term between current use of VMS and each of stratification factors.

^dHypertension stage 1 was defined as 130 mmHg ≤ SBP < 140 mmHg or 80 mmHg ≤ DBP < 90 mmHg; and hypertension stage ≥ 2 was defined as 140 mmHg ≤ SBP or 90 mmHg ≤ DBP.

^eISH was defined as 130 mmHg ≤ SBP and DBP < 80 mmHg; IDH was defined as SBP < 130 mmHg and 80 mmHg ≤ DBP; SDH was defined as 130 mmHg ≤ SBP and 80 mmHg ≤ DBP.

^fControlled group were defined as those taking hypertension medication and having normal blood pressure levels (SBP < 130 mmHg or DBP < 80 mmHg; and uncontrolled group were defined those with hypertensive blood pressure levels despite the use of hypertension medication.