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. 2023 Jun 23;12(5):1649–1668. doi: 10.1007/s40120-023-00501-9

Table 3.

Quality analysis of content development for 18 fatigue PRO instruments

PRO instrument Constructa Conceptual framework Target population Context of use Development sample Qualitative work Literature review Total COSMIN scoreb
FSS 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
MFSS 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
VAS-F 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 7
CFQ 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 6
FAI 0 0 3 3 0 1 0 7
FIS 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 7
MFI 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 7
MFIS 1 1 3 3 1 1 0 10
FDS 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 8
SOFA-GP 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 7
IFS 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 7
FAS 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 5
FSMC 1 2 2 3 1 2 0 11
U-FIS 1 2 1 1 3 3 0 11
NFI-MS 3 3 2 2 2 3 0 15
PROMIS Fatigue MS 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 14
FSIQ-RMS 0 3 3 3 3 3 2 17
SFQ 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 4

3 = Good, 2 = Adequate, 1 = Doubtful, 0 = Poor/none

aDefinitions of fatigue from PRO instrument development papers are available in Table S3

bOrdinarily, COSMIN assessment is not scored, and instead utilises a ‘worst score counts’ approach. However, we nonetheless produced a ‘total score’, thus enabling us to evaluate how PRO development standards have changed over time (see Fig. 2); these scores should not be interpreted as a ‘recommendation’ for higher scoring PROs